The Impact of Studies and Scholarships Abroad on Developmental Commitment at Home. A Case Study about DAAD and Fulbright Alumni from the Global South (working title)

这项研究的广泛目标是确定和分析移徙、教育和发展之间的联系。确切地说，我们希望调查前国际学生如何在其原籍国从事发展活动，以及在国外的学习和奖学金项目是否会对国内的这些发展活动产生影响。我们提出这个问题，是因为国际学生被认为是“理想的移民”，当他们作为高技能工人进入学习国家的劳动力市场时，他们受过良好的教育，并很好地融入了社会。它们对原籍国也很有价值，因为它们可以通过国外的再移民或跨国网络将其获得的专门知识和资本转回原籍国，这有助于原籍国的发展。因此，越来越多的(学习和来源国)希望通过向国际学生提供奖学金来支持这些发展。然而，目前还没有关于获得奖学金和前学生发展参与之间的相关性的重要研究。在一个先导项目中，我们已经在KAAD奖学金项目中调查了原籍国前国际学生与发展相关的承诺形式(Krannich/Hunger 2020，见1最新技术和初步工作)。然而，这项研究的结果对国际学生总体来说并不具有代表性，因为KAAD是德国一个规模相对较小、与宗教有关的奖学金项目，每年资助不到400名国际奖学金获得者，而且根据合同，他们必须在毕业后返回原籍国。出于这个原因，我们主要调查了回国的学生，只有少数留在德国的学生(约10%)。然而，结果表明，奖学金计划与国际校友未来的发展参与之间可能存在联系，但需要对返回原籍国的学生以及毕业后留在留学国家的学生进行更多研究。因此，这个提交的项目特别旨在调查来自全球南方的国际校友--特别是来自哥伦比亚、加纳和印度尼西亚的国际校友--在德国的DAAD奖学金项目和美国富布赖特奖学金项目(这两个国家最大的奖学金项目)的具体案例中奖学金与发展承诺之间的联系，这两个项目将更具代表性和有效性。

The broad objective of this study is to identify and analyze links between migration, education, and development. Precisely, we want to investigate how former international students engage in developmental activities in their country of origin and whether studies and scholarship programs abroad can have an impact on these developmental activities at home. We raise this question, because international students are perceived as „ideal migrants,“ who are well-educated and well-integrated when they enter the labor market as highly skilled workers in the country of studies. They are also valuable for the countries of origin, because they can transfer their gained know- how and capital back by remigration or transnational networks from abroad, which can contribute to the development in countries of origin. Therefore, more and more countries (of studies as well as of origin) want to support these developments by awarding scholarships to international students. However, there is no significant research yet on the correlation between received scholarships and developmental engagement of former students.In a forerunner project, we already investigated forms of development-related commitment of former international students in the countries of origin in the case of the scholarship program of the KAAD (Krannich/Hunger 2020, see 1 State of the art and preliminary work). However, the findings of the study are not representative for international students in general, because the KAAD is a relatively small and religiously-bound scholarship program in Germany that funds less than 400 international scholarship holders per year, and, bound by contract, they have to go back to their country of origin after graduation. For this reason, we investigated mainly returned students, and only a few ones who remained in Germany (about 10 percent). However, the results implied that there could be a linkage between scholarship programs and future developmental engagement of international alumni, but it needs more research on the ones who go back to the country of origin as well as the ones who remain after graduation in the country of studies. Therefore, this submitted project aims particularly to investigate the linkage between scholarships and developmental commitments of international alumni from the Global South – particularly from Colombia, Ghana and Indonesia – in the specific cases of the scholarship programs of the DAAD in Germany and Fulbright in the United States (the largest scholarship programs in their countries), which would have more representativeness and validity.