Comprehensive Research on Carbon Clusters

在富勒烯的基础研究方面开展了广泛的项目，包括7个小组，1个高级富勒烯，2个材料科学应用，3个金属封装富勒烯，4个衍生物合成，5个理论与计算，6个固态物理与晶体，7个生物影响。在1993年至1996年的三年中，共有158名科学家参与了该项目，总共获得了9.3亿日元的财政支持。到目前为止，共发表了501篇原创论文，其中2篇发表在Nature杂志上，1篇发表在Science杂志上，这些小组在半年度的General Fullerene Symposium上共发表了840篇论文。一些主要的结果如下。从C_<78>到C_<116>的高富勒烯已被分离和鉴定。含有纯金属微晶及其碳化物的碳纳米胶囊已经被发现并进行了系统的研究。以碳纳米管为原料制备了一种具有弹性的新型碳复合材料。采用JxB射流反应器自动生产富勒烯进行了试验。利用x射线衍射分析的最大熵技术确定了Y@C_<82>的内嵌分子结构。在包覆钡原子的硅簇中发现了超导性。从理论上预测了碳纳米管的电性能对螺旋节距的独特依赖性。基于混合基从头算分子动力学，编写了一个用于原子水平上大规模模拟的程序包，并对富勒烯化学和物理的各个方面进行了执行。首次实现了C60对高维聚合物的聚合。根据BCS理论，首次获得了掺碱富勒烯M_3C_<60>超导性的实验证明。一种C_<60>的水溶性衍生物已被成功地用作光动力治疗癌症的增敏剂。少

An extensive project on the basic research of carbon clusters called fullerenes have been carried out in seven groups, 1 higher fullerenes, 2 applications to material science, 3 metal encapsulated fullerenes, 4 synthesis of derivatives, 5 theory and computations, 6 solid state physics and crystals, and 7 biological influence. In the course of three years from 1993 and 1996, a total of 158 scientists participated in the project which received a total of 930,000,000 yen of financial support. A total of 501 original papers have been published so far, of which 2 were published in Nature and one in Science, A total of 840 papers have been presented by these groups to the semiannual General Fullerene Symposium. Some of the major results are as follows.Higher fullerenes from C_<78> to C_<116> have been isolated and some of them identified.Carbon nanocapsules containing microcrystals of pure metals of their carbides have been discovered and systematically studied.A new carbon composite materia … More l having elastic property has been fabricated from C_<60> and carbon nanotubes.Automatic production of fullerenes by JxB are jet reactor has been tested.Endohedral molecular structure of Y@C_<82> has been determined by the maximum entropy technique of X-ray diffraction analysis.Superconductivity has been discovered in silicon clusters encapsulating barium atoms.Unique dependence of electric properties in carbon nanotubes on the helical pitches has been theoretically predicted.A program package for the large-scale simulations at the atomistic level has been written based on the mixed basis ab initio molecular dynamics and executed on various aspects of fullerene chemistry and physics.Polymerization of C60 to polymers in high dimension has been accomplished for the first time.The first experimental proof for the superconductivity of alkali-doped fullerenes M_3C_<60> in accordance with the BCS theory has been presented.A water-soluble derivative of C_<60> has been successfully tested as the sensitizer in the photodynamic therapy of cancer. Less