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Search of Natural Fullerenes in Chinese Coal Layers

中国煤层中天然富勒烯的寻找

基本信息

批准号：
11691149
负责人：
OSAWA Eiji
金额：
$ 3.39万
依托单位：
TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691149/
关键词：
Natural fullerene C60 Coal Phase transition of carbon by shock compression Meteorite crater Soot-like carbon nanoparticles Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy HPLC 天然C_<60>石炭ガス爆発衡撃波南アフリカトランパール地方ダイク地形 C_<60>炭素ナノチューブ炭素含有鉱物 /

项目摘要

Debates on the existence of fullerenes in nature still remain unsettled. Concentration levels of C_<60> allegedly detected in black geological layers like KT and PT or from carbon-containing rocks collected from meteorite impact craters are generally less than 0.1 ppm and are difficult to confirm. The only case that reports sufficiently high natural fullerene concentrations is a coal sample taken from Yipinglang coal mine in Yunnan, China. Unfortunately the information on this rare sample was rare and inaccurate. The purpose of this search is to confirm the report by our own survey.Three survey trips were made with geologists to not only the Yipinglang mine but also to the other coal mines in China to collect coal samples ourselves. A final trip was made to South Africa where novel coal beds intruded by magmas and the world's oldest and largest meteorite crater were surveyed.The results are as follows. (1) Only the Yipinglang coal sample that had been reported to contain C_<60> was con … More firmed to contain as high as 0.3 % of C_<60>/C_<70>. This particular coal sample was found to contain, in addition to fullerenes, soot-like microstructure of nano-sized graphitic nanoparticles, and two kinds of new minerals, probably a high temprature-high pressure modifications of known minerals. (2) All other samples collected were negative with respect to the fullerene analysis.In spite of these results, we were not allowed to enter the underground mine for the reason of safety, neither to study 3D underground maps. However, after patient and long negotiations, we eventually succeeded in obtaining large number of coal samples from Yipinglang mine whose exact underground locations were recorded. Preliminary tests on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer proved positive for a few samples among them and currently work is going on for quantitative analysis with a HPLC.Based on several pieces of evidence, we propose natural shock compression as the cause of formation of C_<60> in coal. Strong evidence is available for the verification of the formation of C60/C70 in a shock tube experiment. We are in the process of cooperative research with National Aerospace Laboratory to study the formation of fullerenes upon irradiation of plasma jet stream onto graphite surface in a heated wind tunnel. Less

关于富勒烯在自然界中是否存在的争论仍然没有解决。据称<60>，在KT和PT等黑色地质层或从陨石撞击坑收集的含碳岩石中检测到的C_2浓度水平一般低于0.1ppm，难以证实。唯一一个报告天然富勒烯浓度足够高的案例是中国云南一平浪煤矿的煤样。不幸的是，关于这个罕见样本的信息是罕见和不准确的。这次调查的目的是通过我们自己的调查来证实这一报告。我们与地质学家一起进行了三次调查，不仅到一平浪煤矿，而且到中国其他煤矿收集煤样。最后一次旅行是在南非，那里有新的煤层被岩浆侵入，并对世界上最古老和最大的陨石坑进行了调查。(1)只有报道的一平浪煤样中含有C_<60>2， ...更多信息 C_<60>/C_比值高达0.3%<70>。这种特殊的煤样品被发现含有，除了富勒烯，纳米级石墨纳米颗粒的煤烟状微观结构，和两种新的矿物，可能是已知矿物的高温高压改性。(2)尽管如此，出于安全考虑，我们还是没有被允许进入地下矿井，也没有被允许研究3D地下地图。然而，经过耐心和长时间的谈判，我们最终成功从一平浪煤矿取得大量煤样，并记录了准确的地下位置。对其中几个样品进行了飞行时间质谱仪的初步测试，证明是阳性的，目前正在进行HPLC定量分析。根据几项证据，我们提出自然冲击压缩是煤中C_2的形成原因<60>。强有力的证据可用于在激波管实验中验证C60/C70的形成。我们正与国家航空航天实验室合作进行研究，在加热风洞中研究等离子体射流照射石墨表面时富勒烯的形成。少