Design and Control of Electron-transfer Reaction Fields

本研究课题“电子转移反应场的设计与控制”涉及到电极表面和界面改性的新概念、原理和方法，在以下共同研究者的巨大贡献下可以圆满完成：（1）通过化学修饰设计和控制反应场使用化学功能物质如氧化还原电对，分子可识别化合物、不对称诱导物质、亲水/疏水材料、催化剂、酶、生物物质等。使用这些电极，还开发了许多独特和/或有效的有机化合物的电化学过程。此外，还制备了单层聚合物膜涂层电极和电化学各向异性电极，并提出了它们的应用。(2)用物理/形态学方法设计和控制反应场 ...更多信息 高表面、宏观上不均匀和渗透的电极被开发用于更复杂的电极系统。从基础和实用两个方面提出了气化、固化和流化电极界面上有机分子转化的新型电化学过程。对于这些过程，经典的电解质溶液理论和双电层理论似乎已不适用，需要建立新的理论。另一方面，气相电解已经在向工业化发展。(3)能量修饰反应场的设计与控制人们发现，电有机过程可以通过物理能量的照射来控制，如等离子体、光、磁场、超声波等，特别是磁场和声场的应用对过程产生了显著的影响。(4)超微电极反应场的设计与控制超微电极沿着生物电化学在电化学分析与检测领域取得了新的进展，但目前其理论体系还不完善。少

The present research project entitled "Design and Control of Electron-transfer Reaction Fields" involves new concepts, principles and methodologies for modification of not only electrode surface but also interface, and could be satisfactorily accomplished with great contribution of all of the co-investigators as follows :(1) Design and Control of Reaction Fields by Chemical ModificationNew types of chemically-modified electrodes were designed and prepared using chemically functional substances such as redox couples, molecule-recognizable compounds, asymmetry-inducing substance, hydrophilic/hydrophobic materials, catalysts, enzymes, bio-substances, etc. Using these electrodes, a lot of unique and/or efficient electrochemical processes of organic compounds were also developed. In addition, monolayr polymer film-coated electrodes and electrochemically anistropic electrodes were prepared, and their applications were proposed.(2) Design and Control of Reaction Fields by Physical/morphologic … More al ModificationHigh surface, macroscopically heterogeneous and permeant electrodes were developed for peculier electrode systems. New types of electrochemical processes for organic molecular conversion in gasified, solidified and fluidized electrode interface were also proposed from basic and practial aspects. For these processes, classical theories of electrolyte solution and electrical double layr seemed not to be available, and it was required to establish new theories. On the other hand, a gas phase electrolysis has been in progress toward industrization.(3) Design and Control of Reaction Fields by Energetic ModificationIt was found that electoorganic processes could be controlled by irradiation of physical energies such as plasma, light, magnetic field, ultrasonic wave, etc. Particularly, application of magnetic and acoustic fields resulted in significant effect on the processes.(4) Design and Control of Reaction Fields by UltramicroelectrodesUltramicroelectrodes afforded new progresses in fields of electrochemical analysis and measurement along with bioelectrochemistry, though their theoretical establishments have been insufficient at present. Less