Succession and lost of UV vision in the course of fish speciation, and its adaptive vale.

鱼类、两栖动物（蝾螈）、爬行动物（壁虎和变色龙）、鸟类（金丝雀）和一些哺乳动物（大鼠和小鼠）使用UV（紫外线）视觉进行觅食、择偶和通信等基本行为（Yokoyama 2000）。在第一年（H14;2002），明确检查了Pagothenia borchgrevinki和Trematomus bernacchii的视网膜，它们具有UV锥，通过该锥它们参与眼底视网膜中的紫外线视觉（宫崎et al.2002）。此外，已经理解的是，具有绒毡层的Kaiwari（carangid fish，Kaiwarinus equula）不具有UV视觉（Takei & Somiya 2002）。在下一个财政年度（H15;2003），已经暗示，具有空气视觉的箭鱼（Toxotes jaculatrix）没有参与紫外视觉的紫外锥。在最后一个财政年度（H16;2004），已经发现，四眼鱼（Anableps anableps）具有空气和水下视觉的紫外线视觉。此外，还发现白鲑在空中和水中都使用水平视觉条纹，并在条纹中观察到两个区域。然而，四眼鱼紫外线视觉的确切功能尚不清楚。四眼鱼紫外视觉的确切功能将是未来研究的主题。

Fishes, amphibians (salamander), reptiles (gecko and chameleon), birds (canary) and some mammals (rat and mouse) use UV (ultraviolet) vision for such basic behaviors as foraging, mate selection and communications, etc. (Yokoyama 2000). At the first year (H14;2002), it was clarified that the retina of Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Trematomus bernacchii was examined, and they had UV cone by which they took part in the ultraviolet vision in the fundus retina (Miyazaki et al.2002). Moreover, it has been understood that Kaiwari (carangid fish, Kaiwarinus equula) with tapetum doesn't have UV vision (Takei & Somiya 2002). In next fiscal year (H15;2003), It has been implied that the archerfish (Toxotes jaculatrix) with air vision don't have UV cone that takes part in the UV vision. In final fiscal year (H16;2004), it has been found that the four-eyed fish (Anableps anableps) with both air and under water vision have the UV vision. Moreover, it was found that the fish use the horizontal visual streak in both air and water visions and two areas were observed in the streak. However, the exact function of the four eyed-fish UV vision was not able to be clarified. The exact function of the four eyed-fish UV vision will be the subject of future research.