Fundamental Studies on Multiple Usage of Fiber Crop, Kenaf

据说，纤维作物红麻（Hibiscus cannabinus L.）的种植始于公元前4000年左右的埃及。传统用途仅限于其韧皮纤维，多用于制绳、制袋等纤维制品。目前，红麻的生物量已被公认为一种潜在的人类生命资源，并在许多方面进行了利用研究。甚至在日本，汽车、住宅、信息技术（IT）等企业也将红麻纤维作为一种新的天然纤维用途开发了产品。本研究从红麻栽培和综合利用的基本方面进行了探讨，以期将红麻生物量作为一种可能的农林产体系在农村地区加以利用。在制浆造纸领域，为获得高附加值产品，对包括草酸铵处理在内的高粘度制浆顺序进行了表征。在更详细的研究中，对韧皮纤维进行了分层分离，并讨论了各层纤维对纸张强度的贡献。随着层数的增加，最外层的纤维长度最长，但粘度最低，纸张强度增大。研究了茎高、茎位和采收时间的影响。茎高越低，采收时间越晚，果肉粘度越高。红麻种子和红麻叶作为生物质，对发展可持续的栽培系统也很重要。红麻种子含有大量的蛋白质和脂肪酸，其含量几乎与大豆相当。研究了利用红麻籽制作豆腐的方法。对比实验表明，如果用同样的方法制作大豆豆腐，红麻籽很难制成豆腐，但如果用添加淀粉的方法制作芝麻豆腐，红麻籽就能制成豆腐。这种差异应该进一步研究。红麻叶含有高蛋白质，在其他国家被认为是有前途的饲料（动物饲料）。在日本，除了小麦粉、面条（乌冬面）和饼干等食品也有报道。我们研究了用叶子作为添加剂，以kamaboko（传统的白鱼肉酱）。由于红麻叶中含有强酸性物质（主要是芙蓉酸），鱼肉不易固化。作为一种多样化的栽培方法，在长期木材生产林的土地上进行了试验，但红麻生长不足。主要原因尚不清楚，但红麻的生长与发光强度有很强的关系。在农田中，红麻茎作为动物垫料是很有前途的，因为动物粪便能提高红麻产量。少

The cultivation of fiber crop, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), is said to have begun in Egypt, about 4000 BC. The traditional usages were restricted to its bast fiber and used for rope, sack and other fiber products. Now the biomass of Kenaf is recognized as a potential resource for human life and many aspects of usage is being investigated in the world. Even in Japan, companies like automobile, housing and IT industries developed kenaf bast fiber products as a new natural fiber usage.In this research, fundamental aspects of Kenaf cultivation and multiple usage were investigated to utilize the Kenaf biomass as a possible agro-forestry-industry system in rural region. In the pulp and paper field, to make a value added products a high viscosity pulping sequence including the ammonium oxalate treatment has been characterized. In more detailed study, layer separation of bast fiber was done and the contribution of each layer to the paper strength was discussed. Outermost layer had longest f … More iber length but the viscosity was lowest and the paper strength increased as the layer number increased. Also the influence of the stem height position and the harvesting time were investigated. Lower the stem height and later the harvesting time, the pulp viscosity increased.As biomass, Kenaf seed and leaf are also important to develop a sustainable cultivation system. Kenaf seed contains a lot of protein and fatty acids almost equivalent contents to soybean. We examined to make tofu (bean curd) from Kenaf seed to utilize them. Comparison experiment showed Kenaf seed is difficult to make tofu if the same method for soybean tofu making but it gave Kenaf tofu if starch were added as sesame tofu making method. The difference should be examined further. Kenaf leaf contains high proteins and known to be promising as forage (animal feed) in other countries. In Japan, addition to food like wheat flour noodle (udon) and cookie are reported. We examined to use the leaf as additive to kamaboko (traditional white fish meat paste). Because Kenaf leaf contains strong acidic substance (mainly hibiscus acid) the fish meat was difficult to solidify.As a diversification of cultivation method, a trial in a land in long-term timber production forest was done, but Kenaf did not grow enough. Main reason is not clear but the Kenaf growth showed a strong relationship to the luminous intensity. In the farmland, Kenaf stem as animal bedding is promising because the animal excrement increased the Kenaf yield higher. Less