Localization and roles of actin and its regulation substances, microtubules, and water channels in spematogenesis.

精子发生以明显的形态改变和细胞体积缩小为特征。已经指出，肌动蛋白细丝和微管参与形态发生，水通道分子水通道蛋白(AQPs)参与体积缩小。(1)AQP7、8、11在生发上皮中的定位：AQP7、11定位于生殖细胞，AQP8定位于支持细胞。(2)AQP7-KO-M的精子发生分析：在KO-小鼠的一半个体中观察到异常核凝聚的Signet环状图案。(3)GOPC-KO-M的变态精子形成：在GOPC-KO-M(高尔基相关PDZ和卷曲螺旋基序含蛋白)-KO-M中，精子呈圆形h…不育。更多的鱼尾和卷尾。在本研究中，我们对这种形态异常的形成过程进行了研究。在早期精子细胞中，形成了顶体，顶体主要由肌动蛋白组成，将顶体和细胞核连接在一起。KO-M的顶体小泡不能与细胞核保持接触，也不能相互融合。然后，精子形成异常，就像多米诺骨牌崩溃一样。即顶体囊泡消失，核周环→缺失，顶体边缘结构→缺失，由微管组成的套囊形成，后环→缺失，核周细胞质存在。这些结果表明，肌动蛋白和微管参与了精子发生的形态发生。另一方面，鞭毛在睾丸中正常形成。然而，在穿过附睾头中部的过程中，鞭毛围绕着细胞核卷曲，胞质小滴从颈部迁移到中段的远端。这表明尾部卷曲与胞质液滴的迁移有关。较少

Spermiogenesis is characterized by prominent morphological changes and the reduction of cell volume. It has been pointed out that actin filaments and microtubules are involved in morphogenesis, and aquaporins (AQPs), water channel molecules, are involved in volume reduction. In the present study, their involvements were analyzed by immuno-histochemistry, electron microscopy, and KO-mouse(KO-M)(1)Localization of AQP7,8,11 in germinal epithelium : It was shown that AQP7 and 11 located in the germ cells, and AQP8 located in the Sertoli cells. The result suggests that AQP7 and 11 compensate each other.(2)Analysis of spermatogenesis in AQP7-KO-M : Signet-ring like pattern representing abnormal nuclear condensation was observed in the half individuals of the KO-mice. It suggests that AQP7 is involved at least in nuclear condensation.(3)Metamorphic sperm formation in GOPC-KO-M : In GOPC(Golgi-associated PDZ-and coiled coil motif-containing protein)-KO-M, spermatozoa are infertile with round h … More ead and coiled tail. In the present study, we have investigated the process to make such morphological abnormalities. In the early spermatids, the acroplaxome, which is a sheet mainly made of actin, and bonds acrosome and the nucleus together, was formed. Acrosomal vesicles of KO-M failed to keep contact with the nucleus and to fuse each other. Then abnormal sperm formation was induced like a domino collapse. Namely, disappearance of acrosomal vesicle→deficiency of the perinuclear ring, which is the marginal structure of the acroplaxome→defective formation of the manchette made of microtubules→deficiency of the posterior ring and the presence of perinuciear cytoplasm. These results suggest that the actin and microtubules are involved in the morphogenesis in spermiogenesis. On the other hand, flagella were made normally in the testis. However, the flagella rolled up around the nucleus during the passage through the middle caput epididymidis, where the cytoplasmic drolets migrate from the neck region to the distal part of the mid-piece. It suggest that the tail coiling occur in relation with the migration of the cytoplasmic droplet. Less