Fundamental study on the estimation of blood concentration of ethanol and its metabolites

在日本，由于乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH2）活性的部分缺陷，他们积累了乙醛，因此有许多冲洗者在饮酒时出现冲洗反应。我们研究了血液乙醇水平对乙醛和醋酸盐处置的影响，有和没有氰酰胺处理，这是ALDH2的抑制剂。实验用的是兔子。以1.0或2.0 g/kg/ w的剂量静脉滴注乙醇生理盐水20分钟，然后以0.25 g/kg/hr的恒速滴注。在第4和第8小时，将输注速率提高到0.5 g/kg/hr，持续1小时。采用顶空气相色谱法测定血液中乙醇、乙醛和乙酸的浓度。我们发现血乙醇浓度在2小时内达到稳定状态。血液中乙醛浓度随着血液中乙醇浓度的增加呈尖峰状增加，在增加后约1小时达到稳定状态。浓度的变化与血液乙醇浓度成正比，表明乙醛毒性可能随着乙醇含量的增加而增加。我们还发现血醋酸盐浓度在给药2小时内达到稳定状态。经氰胺处理后，血液中乙醛含量增加。乙酸水平是恒定的，其轮廓几乎不受血乙醇水平升高的影响。我们的结果表明，乙醛的动力学性质不同于醋酸酯

In Japan, there are many flushers who have flushing reactions during alcohol drinking, since they accumulate acetaldehyde due to partial defect of activity of aldehyde dehydrogeuase (ALDH2). We examined the effects of blood ethanol level on the disposition of acetaldehyde and acetate with and without cyanamide treatment, which is the inhibitor of ALDH2. Rabbits were used. An ethanol saline solution was administered intravenously into these rabbits at 1.0 or 2.0 g/kgBW for 20 minutes, followed by constant-rate infusion (0.25 g/kg/hr). At 4 and 8hr, the infusion rate was increased to 0.5 g/kg/hr for 1 hr. Blood ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate concentrations were measured by headspace gas chromatography. We found that blood ethanol concentration reaches a steady state within 2 hours. The blood acetaldehyde concentration exhibited a spike-like increase in response to increases in the blood ethanol level, reaching a steady state around 1 hr after the increase. The change in concentration was in proportion to blood ethanol concentration, suggesting that acetaldehyde toxicity may increase with ethanol amount. We also found that blood acetate concentration reaches a steady state within 2 hr of administration. Blood acetaldehyde increased by the cyanamide treatment. The acetate level was constant, and its profile was hardly influenced by increases in the blood ethanol level. Our results indicate that the kinetic nature of acetaldehyde is different to that of acetate