Specification of factors that cause seasonality of birth in schizophrenia : a study for a clue to the preventive measure

导致精神分裂症出生季节性的因素的说明：一项关于预防措施的线索的研究精神分裂症出生的季节性（冬季增加和/或夏季减少）在许多研究中一直被观察到。明确引起该病季节性的因素，可为阐明该病的病因和制定防治措施提供线索。我们调查了几组出生在日本不同地区的精神分裂症患者，以获得有关该规范的线索。此外，对以往关于出生季节性的研究进行了审查，以在气象、传染病和其他变量中寻找有希望的候选者。回顾以往的研究表明，环境温度，日照时间和感染，如脊髓灰质炎，而不是流感，可能是很好的候选人的因素（Tochigi，2004年）。在对日本患者的研究中， ...更多信息 与一般人群相比，观察到冬季分娩的总患者数没有增加，这与之前日本的一项调查一致（Tatsumi，2002）。然而，当对本州北部地区（或东北地区）的患者进行单独分析时，除了夏季分娩减少外，冬季分娩增加。重要的（Tochigi，提交）。当东北地区的患者与来自西南地区长崎的患者进行比较时，东北地区的患者表现出冬季出生增加和夏季出生减少的趋势。这些可能表明气象变量，而不是感染作为出生季节性的原因。最后，对来自北海道的精神分裂症患者进行了研究，产生了有争议的结果。与东北、长崎或其他地区相比，北海道患者的季节性较不明显。原因还有待研究，但可能与缺乏统计效力有关。此外，。研究了季节对个性发展和未来犯罪风险的影响。因此，冬季分娩可能会导致健康受试者的可接受性评分下降（Tochigi，出版中）。在以前的研究中，在几种精神疾病中观察到低宜人性。关于青年犯罪，盗窃与冬季出生增加有关，而更多的暴力犯罪与冬季出生减少有关。在药物滥用方面观察到冬季出生减少，这与暴力密切相关。少

Specification of Factors that Cause Seasonality of Birth in Schizophrenia: a Study for a Clue to the Preventive Measure Seasonality of births (winter increase and/or summer decrease) in schizophrenia has consistently been observed in a number of studies. Specification of the factors that cause the seasonality may provide a clue to elucidation of causal factors and development of preventive measures of the disease. We investigated several groups of schizophrenia patients born in different areas of Japan to obtain a clue to the specification. Also, a review of previous studies on the seasonality of births was conducted to look for promising candidates among the meteorological, infectious and other variables. The review of previous studies suggested that ambient temperature, duration of sunshine and infections such as polio, rather than influenza, might be good candidates of the factors (Tochigi, 2004). In the study of the Japanese patients, a significant decrease of summer birth compared … More with the general population was observed, but the winter births were not increased in total patients, consistent with a previous Japanese investigation (Tatsumi, 2002). However, when the patients from the north area of the Honshu (or Tohoku District) were separately analyzed, an increase of the winter births, in addition to a decrease in the summer births, was. significant (Tochigi, submitted). When the Tohoku patients were compared with the patients from Nagasaki, a South-West area, the Tohoku patients showed augmented trends of increased winter and decreased summer births. These may suggest meteorological variables, rather than infections as a causing factor of the birth seasonality. Finally, schizophrenia patients from Hokkaido were studied, which generated controversial result. The seasonality was less apparent in the Hokkaido patients than the Tohoku, Nagasaki or other patients. The reason remains to be studied, but a lack of statistical power could be related. Additionally,. studies were conducted on effects of season on development of personality and future risk of crime offenses. As a result, winter births might lead to a decreased score of Agreeableness in healthy subjects (Tochigi, in press). Low agreeableness was observed in several mental illnesses in previous studies. Regarding crimes in youth, theft was associated with increased winter birth, while more violent crimes were related with decreased winter birth. Decreased winter birth was observed in substance abuse, which is closely related with violence. Less