Aesthetics of Protestantism in Scandinavia from the 19th to the 21st century

该项目旨在分析新教对北欧文化美学的意义。宗教改革运动在几十年内在北欧国家范围内建立起来，新教仍然或直到最近才被制度化为国家宗教。拟议项目的基本论点是，改革不仅是斯堪的纳维亚政治、社会和教会史上最重要的政治因素之一，而且还对所有形式的文化生活产生了深刻和持久的影响。这些领域包括文学、视觉艺术、音乐、高雅和流行文化、文化实践和表演。这些影响涉及到内容和形式，可以用新教美学的五个原则来实验地描述。我们可能会发现，人们倾向于1.简单，2.理性中心主义，3.明显的个人主义和集体主义之间的紧张关系，4.与世界的一种特定联系，最后5.对新教伦理的承诺。一种文化的美学思想的宗教方面不仅限于嵌入宗教背景的艺术作品(如教堂建筑、宗教文学、宗教绘画)或涉及宗教的艺术作品(如关于信仰冲突的小说或电影)，而且涉及整个文化的审美生产，特别是当它被一个霸权派别决定了许多世纪，就像斯堪的纳维亚的新教一样。宗教和文化之间的这些动态尚未得到充分的研究：在很长一段时间里，文学和文化研究仍然是“宗教盲目的”(I.哈马尔)。该项目以六个案例研究为中心，涵盖了草图背景的重要方面。它们是以一种相互作用的方式构思的，有助于产生测试五项原则的概念所需的知识，并在历时和共时的阐述和变化中遵循它们。在此基础上，这两个PI将在理论上研究新教美学问题。作为有经验的学者，他们还将进行两项一般性的概念性研究，特别侧重于(A)集体形成的想象(dannse/bildning)和(B)个人形成的形式。两个博士后项目将在历史上深入分析(C)非宗教现代主义诗歌中的新教痕迹和(D)侧重于斯堪的纳维亚半岛新教的不同反项目，特别是作为颠覆占主导地位的美学范式的手段的神秘主义。两个博士项目将涉及更多特定时期的主题：(E)工作伦理在斯堪的纳维亚工人文学中的影响和(F)新教美学在电影中的影响。

The project aims to analyze the significance of Protestantism for the aesthetics of Nordic cultures. The Reformation was established in the Nordic countries statewide within a few decades and Protestantism is still or was very until recently institutionalized as the state religion. The fundamental thesis of the proposed project is that the Reformation was not only one of the most important political factors in the political, social, and ecclesiastical history of Scandinavia, but that it has also had a deep and lasting impact on cultural life in all its forms. These areas include literature, the visual arts, music, both high and popular culture, cultural practices and performances. The impacts concern content and form and can be described experimentally in five principles of an aesthetics of Protestantism. We might detect a predilection for 1. simplicity, 2. logocentrism, 3. a tension between pronounced individualism and collectivism, 4. a specific kind of relatedness to the world, and finally 5. a commitment to a Protestant ethic. The religious aspects of a culture's aesthetic ideas are not limited to works of art that are embedded in a religious context (such as church architecture, devotional literature, religious painting) or that address religion (such as novels or films about conflicts of faith), but concern the aesthetic production of a culture as a whole, especially when it has been determined by a hegemonic denomination for many centuries, as was the case with Protestantism in Scandinavia. These dynamics between religion and culture are not yet researched sufficiently: for too long, literary and cultural studies remained “religion-blind” (I. Hammar). The project is centered around six case studies that cover important aspects of the sketched context. They are conceived in a manner of interaction that helps to generate the knowledge necessary to test the concept of the five principles and to follow them in diachronic and synchronic elaboration and variation. On this basis, the two PIs will work theoretically on the question of an aesthetics of Protestantism. As experienced scholars, they will also conduct two general conceptual studies with a special focus on (a) imaginations of collective formation (dannelse/bildning) and (b) forms of individual formation. Two post-doc projects will analyse in historical depth (c) Protestant traces in non-religious modernist poetry and (d) focus on the different counterprojects to Protestantism in Scandinavia, particularly occultism as means of subverting dominating aesthetic paradigms. Two PhD projects shall address more period-specific subjects: (e) the impact of the ethics of work in Scandinavian workers’ literature and (f) the impact of Protestant aesthetics in film.