A problem-based learing and its introduction to the clinical radiology education in dentistry

这项研究的目的是通过对世界各地牙科学校应用的各种系统的研究，分析以问题为基础的学习在牙科中的有效性，并评估我们的PBL包应用于牙科临床放射学的有效性。通过对阿德莱德、悉尼、利物浦、曼彻斯特和哈佛等几所口腔学校教育工作者的访谈和发表的文章，对PBL的内容和管理进行调查。在体验那里的辅导班时，研究了学生如何加入班级并与小组成员一起学习。在此基础上，开发了几个PBL教学包，并应用于放射科临床培训的4、6年级学生。在引入PBL之前，应整合课程，取代传统的以学科为导向的讲授为主的课程。通过医学院使用的病人的病例材料，研究了人体的基础知识。专门开发的牙科套装，加上学生或导师的指南，也适用于使用真实患者案例的基础和临床牙科。在那里遇到的大多数学生通常接受PBL，作为小组的一员工作得很好，喜欢这门课。在我们自己的研究中，我们开发了四个PBL包，这些包集中在临床上对X射线的有效利用，X射线检查的选择，图像解释和与患者的交流。结果表明，在综合课程设置下，PBL教学在培养学生的主体性学习能力、临床推理能力和课后小组实践能力等方面取得了较好的效果，但仍存在教师引导不足等不足之处。

The objectives of the study were to analyze a usefulness of a problem-based learning in dentistry through the study of the various systems applied in the dental schools in the world and to evaluate its effectiveness of our PBL packages applied to the clinical radiology in dentistry. The contents and the management of PBL were investigated on the articles published and the interview to the educators of several dental schools already introduced, such as Adelaide, Sydney Liverpool, Manchester and Harvard. In experiencing the tutorial class there, how the students join the class and study with group members was studied. Based on such investigations, several PBL packages were developed and applied to the 4^<th> and 6^<th> year students in radliology clinical training.The curriculum should be integrated before the introduction of PBL, replacing the conventional discipline-oriented lecture-based ones. The basics of the human body were studied through the patient's case materials used in the medical school. The specifically developed dental packages, coupled with a guidebook for students or tutors, were also applied to the basic and clinical dentistry using the real patient's cases. Most of the students met there usually accepted PBL, worked well as a member of the group and enjoyed the class. In our own study, four PBL packages were developed and these centered in the effective usage of x-ray in clinics, the selection of the x-ray examination, the image interpretation and the communication with the patients. It was performed at the large-class setting, but the class went well in developing the student-oriented study, the clinical reasoning skills and group practice after the class, with some deficiencies such as insufficient facilitation by the tutors.The results indicated that PBL could be advantageous in the study of the clinical radiology in the integrated curriculum setting.