Development of a brief assessment tool for stress coping profile and application to occupational mental health nursing

以往评估员工应对状况的问卷存在各种问题。本研究首次开发了一份包含6个量表20个题项的职场健康体检或职场健康教育简易问卷的试用产品。将试验产品应用于工人以检验其信度和效度，然后进行修改，此循环重复几次。最后，提出了包含18个条目的应对能力简要量表（BSCP）。结果表明，“主动解决”、“寻求帮助解决”、“改变观点”、“改变情绪”、“涉及他人的情绪表达”、“回避与抑制”四个分量表具有足够的内部一致性和概念效度，且在因素结构效度上不存在性别差异。这些分量表与工作压力、抑郁呈中等相关；此外，这些子量表在工作压力与抑郁的关系中起中介作用，与工作压力过程的理论模型一致。一些应用研究发现，护士在BSCP方面的应对特征与吸烟、饮酒和自杀态度有关，并提示护士吸烟行为是应对轮班困倦的行为。然而，BSCP子量表的再现性无法检验，且无法在研究期内完成这些子量表的标准化工作。这些工作很快就要开始了。BSCP是一种有效的工具，用于预测由工作压力引起的压力，识别与工人健康相关的行为或态度，并在工作场所制定健康教育计划。

Previous questionnaires to assess coping profiles of workers have various problems. In the present study, a trial product of the brief questionnaire, consisting with 20items for 6 scales, for health checkup or health education at work cites was firstly developed. The trial product was applied to workers to examine its reliability and validity, and then, was revised this cycle was repeated for the several times. Finally, Brief Scales for Coping Profile (BSCP) with 18 items was proposed. It was confirmed that the subscales o」 BSCP (Active solution, Seeking help for solution, Changing a point of view, Changing mood, Emotional expression involving others, and avoidance and suppression) have sufficient internal consistency and conceptual validity, and also that there was no gender difference in factor structure validity. These subscale exhibited moderate correlation with job stress and depression; furthermore, these subscales mediated the relation between job stress and depression, in consistency with the theoretical model for job stress process. Some applied studies revealed that the coping profiles in terms of BSCP are associated with smoking, alcohol drinking, and the attitude for suicide, and also suggested that the smoking behaviors among hospital nurses are the coping behaviors to sleepiness due to shiftwork. However, the reproductivity of BSCP subscales could not be examined, and the standardization for these subscales could not be completed within the tern of research. These work will started soon. BSCP is an efficient tool for predicting the strain caused by job stress, identifying the correlates to health-related behaviors or attitude among workers, and developing a program for health education at work cites.