Efficiency and problems of comprehensive community sports club

本研究旨在探讨综合性社区体育俱乐部的运作效率及存在的问题。综合性社区体育俱乐部的研究资料不足，还有广阔的未开发领域。本研究旨在获得更多关于俱乐部生活和俱乐部管理的基本知识。通过对俱乐部经理的访谈和对俱乐部成员的三种问卷调查来收集数据。主要发现如下：1)以3家社区体育俱乐部为例，发现社区体育俱乐部存在自上而下的管理模式，存在大量的非营利性社团成员。管理人员对未来发展方向观念模糊，管理政策短视。以特定非营利性法人资格认证的综合性社区体育俱乐部导致了提供体育服务的会员与接受体育服务的会员的分离。2)俱乐部成员进入俱乐部后参加体育活动的频率明显增加。但是改变体育生活和社区生活的巨大影响并没有显现出来。提炼出体育的个体功能、对社区的认同、代际交流、体育行为的多样性、家庭生活、体育教练六个因素作为综合社区体育俱乐部参与效率的子维度。体育运动对个体功能和代际交流的作用明显，但对提高群体忠诚度的作用并不明显。(3)市政府体育管理者对社区体育俱乐部发展的预期效益对社区体育俱乐部建设的积极性和政策支持都有影响。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency and problems of comprehensive community sports club. Research data on comprehensive community sports club is insufficient, and there still remains a wide unexplored domain. The present research aims at obtaining more fundamental knowledge on club life and club management. Data were collected from interview to club managers and three kinds of questionnaires to club members.Main findings were summarized as follows :1)According to case study of tree community sports clubs as specified nonprofit corporation, there clubs has operated top-down type management and lots of unconcerned members. And management staffs have ambiguity idea of future direction and myopia management policy. The comprehensive community sports clubs in which has certificated as specified nonprofit corporation give rise to separate the member who supplies sport service from the member who receives sport service.2)Frequency that club members play sports increase after enter sports club considerably. But A large effect of changing sportslife and community life does not show. Six factors (individual function of sports, identiy to the community, the exchange among different generation, the variety of sports behaviors, home life, sports coaching) are extracted as sub-dimension of the efficiency of participation in comprehensive community sports club. The effect of individual function by playing sports and the exchange among different generation appears clearly, but the effect of enhancing loyalty to the community does not show so much.3)The benefit that sport administrator in the city office expect to bring up community sports clubs have influence on the positiveness and the policy to support club establishment.