Research of making process of regional identity and articulation of folk geography : a case study of Ryukyu islands

本研究考察了地域认同的形成过程和民俗地理学的衔接过程。研究地点设在琉球群岛。首先，我从两个方面考察了作为地区认同基础的共同社(祖国)的概念。一是其形成的历史过程，二是其当代部署。20世纪中期，由内政部领导的S领导了“农村改革运动”。这正是“共同社”概念形成的起点。1930年的S以来，学术界对农村的“生活方式”或“民间”问题的关注日益突出，文部省率先开展了“共同社”教育运动，并将“共同社”的研究制度化地纳入了基础教育。“共同社”教育的目的是颂扬对可接近的生活环境的喜爱，并制作一个模块来调用它们，并从那里连续地扩大该模块的空间规模，从而培养对帝国统治下的民族国家和民族领土的情感依恋意识。在这里，我阐述了它超越形式化的工作操作和情感纽带到形式空间空间的体现的机制。正是在这一时刻，民间地理才得以清晰地展现出来。接下来，我以上世纪90年代末的一场关于“冲绳倡议”的争论--一种保守的体现--作为当代演变的一个例子，考察了地区认同如何实现和呼唤的背景。因此，我澄清，它不仅被用作争霸郡治的政治工具，而且旨在修正郡民共同持有的历史观。最后，通过对青年文化的考察，探讨了“民间”概念在当今把握民间地理学现状的有效性。

This study examines the making process of regional identity and the articulating process of folk geography. Research field is set in the Ryukyu islands. I examined the concept of "Kyodo (homeland)" as the base of regional identity, at the first, in terms of thinking two aspects of it. One is the historical process of formation and another is its contemporary deployment. In mid 1900's, Ministry of Interior took the lead of "the reformation movement of rural areas". This is the very starting point of formation of "Kyodo" concept. While the academic interests in "ways of life" or "folk" affairs of rural areas became prominent in 1930's, Ministry of Education took the lead of the movement of "Kyodo" education and institutionalized study of "Kyodo" in elementary education. Education of "Kyodo" aims to chant the praises of affection to accessible living environment and make a module to invoke them, and to expand spatial scale of that module in continuity from there, then to cultivate affective sense of attachment to nation-state and national territory under imperial regime. I illustrated, here, its mechanism which goes over work operation of formalization and embodiment of affective bond to formal spatial expanse. It is though this moment that folk geography may be articulated. Next, I took a controversy around "Okinawa Initiative", a conservative manifest, in late 1990's as an example of contemporary evolution and examined a context of how regional identities were actualized and called out. As a result, I clarified that it was not only used as a political tool for contention to take hegemony of prefectural administration but also aimed to revise the perspective of history that residents of prefecture had held in common. Finally, I discussed validity of the concept of "folk" today for grasping contemporary condition of folk geography by looking into youth culture.