Evaluation of detergency for development of the environment-friendly detergent system

用石英晶体微天平技术构建的模型洗涤剂系统对洗涤剂的去污力进行了评价。采用旋涂法在QCM的金电极上制备了聚乙烯、尼龙或醋酸纤维素薄膜。作为一种模型油性污染物，长脂肪酸的Langmuir-Blodgett膜被沉积在QCM上。在水溶液中对QCM进行超声清洗，通过QCM的频率变化来确定其对长脂肪酸的去除效率。醋酸酯的效率最高，其次是尼龙、黄金和聚乙烯。结果表明，随着表面活性剂或乙醇浓度的增加，去除效率增加。在碱的存在下，去除效率进一步提高。利用接触角和表面自由能计算了长脂肪酸膜与基质之间的液层穿透自由能变化，与去除效率有很好的相关性。QCM垂直浸泡在聚乙烯或尼龙颗粒的水分散体中，作为模型颗粒土壤。与尼龙粒子相比，聚乙烯粒子的表观平衡沉降量较大。在分散体中加入乙醇后，沉淀量大大减少。在扩展的DLVO理论的基础上，利用表面自由能分量和电动势对结果进行了讨论。将172 nm紫外准分子光照射到环境空气中的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和尼龙表面。紫外光处理1min后，润湿性显著提高。考察了在水、水/乙醇、乙醇和正庚烷中聚乙烯和尼龙粒子在聚合物表面的沉积情况。在任何系统中都证实了由于紫外线处理而导致的沉淀物的显著减少。

The detergency was evaluated using a model detergent system constructed by the quartz crystal microbalance technique. Polyethylene, nylon or cellulose acetate film was prepared on gold electrodes of the QCM by a spin-coating method. As a model oily contaminant, the Langmuir-Blodgett films of long-fatty acid were deposited onto the QCM. The QCM was ultrasonically cleaned in aqueous solutions and the removal efficiency of long-fatty acid was determined from the frequency change of the QCM. The efficiency was greatest for acetate, followed by nylon, gold and polyethylene. The removal efficiency was found to increase with increasing surfactant or ethanol concentration. In the presence of alkali, the removal efficiency further increased. The removal efficiency had a good correlation with the free energy change due to the penetration of a liquid layer between the long-fatty acid film and the substrate, which was calculated using the contact angles and surface free energies. The QCM was perpendicularly immersed in the aqueous dispersion of polyethylene or nylon particles as a model particulate soil. Apparent equilibrium deposition was large for the polyethylene particle compared with the nylon particle. The deposition drastically decreased by addition of ethanol to the dispersion. The results were discussed on the basis of the extended DLVO theory using the surface free energy components and the electrokinetic potentials. The deposition was found to largely depend on the acid-base interaction.The 172 nm ultraviolet(UV) excimer light was exposed to polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (ethylene terephthalate) and nylon surfaces in ambient air. The wettability increased remarkably by UV treatment of 1 min. The deposition of polyethylene and nylon particles onto the polymer surface was examined in water, water/ethanol mixture, ethanol and n-heptane. A considerable decrease in the deposition due to UV treatment was confirmed in any system.