Effects of fabric air permeability, open apertures and fit on clothing ventilation in some body regions during light work

当服装微气候中的湿度增加时，穿着者的舒适度降低。研究表明，在不同的出汗率下，服装微气候的通风率与其水蒸气浓度成反比关系，说明了通过织物和服装孔的通风对保持穿着者舒适性的重要性。此外，还利用试验测量系统测量了人体某些部位的空气交换率，并分析了织物透气性、透气性和水蒸气浓度对人体某些部位空气交换率的影响。在四种条件下检查衣服通风的开孔和合身性（紧/松）：站立和行走，有和没有空气流动。研究结果表明，风和人体运动对服装的透气性有较大影响，在背部、上臂和腿部区域通过提高织物的透气性，在上下肢区域通过增加宽松度，在躯干和上肢区域通过增加颈部、裙部和袖口的开口来提高服装的透气性，并提出了一种有效透气服装设计的评价方法。其使用“所需通风量”的计算：理想的通风量，通过该通风量，在特定身体区域中产生的所有汗液可以从皮肤去除到衣服的外部，从而保持皮肤湿度低并且保持舒适。为此，需要了解不同工作情况下的区域出汗率，这是不切实际的。因此，我们推导出方程描述局部出汗率的分数全身出汗率从一系列的结果，30分钟的运动试验。当根据运动期间的总体重损失估计总出汗率时，可以借助于这些公式容易地获得用于计算所需通气的区域出汗率。

Wearer comfort decreases when the humidity in the clothing microclimate increases. Our research demonstrated an inverse relationship between the ventilation rate of the clothing microclimate and its vapor concentration for various sweat rates, demonstrating the importance of ventilation through fabrics and apertures of the clothing in order to keep the wearer comfortable.Furthermore, the air exchange rate was measured in some body regions using a trial measuring system, and the effects of fabric air permeability, open apertures and fit (tight/loose) of clothes on clothing ventilation were examined under four conditions : standing and walking, with and without air movement. The results indicated that clothing ventilation is modified by wind and body movement and that clothing ventilation was increased in the back, upper arms and legs region by the improvement of fabric air permeability, in the upper and lower limbs by a loose fit, and in the trunk and upper limbs region by openings at neck, skirt, and wrist cuffs.An evaluation method was proposed for the design of clothes with efficient ventilation, which uses the calculation of "required ventilation" : the ideal amount of ventilation by which all sweat produced in a certain body region could be removed from the skin to the outside of the clothes, hence keeping skin humidity low and maintaining comfort. For this purpose knowledge of regional sweat rates in different work situations is required, which is impractical to determine. Therefore we deduced equations describing regional sweat rate as fraction of whole body sweat rate from a series of results of 30-minute exercise tests. The regional sweat rate for calculating required ventilation can easily be obtained by means of these formulas when the total sweat rate is estimated according to overall weight loss during exercise.