Reflexions sur la place de Descartes et de Pascal dans l'histoire de la pensee scientifique et Etude des bibliographies concernees

我们的研究是在以下题目下展开的：对笛卡尔和帕斯卡在科学思想史上的地位的反思和对有关参考书目的研究。为此，我们策划了七个项目：(1)实验和科学史专家研讨会；(2)邀请法国帕斯卡研究教授研讨会；(3)法国图书馆文献研究；(4)用我们重新构造的装置对帕斯卡等人的“经验”（Experiences du vide dans le vide）进行公开实验；(5)列出两位哲学家科学著作的参考书目；(6)在日本科学史学会年会上作口头报告。(7)以欧洲语言出版我们的成果报告。除了第二个项目，其他项目我们都能顺利完成。对于笛卡儿，我们提出了17世纪欧洲发展的生理学的重要性。在考察原始计算器Pascaline的基础上，我们深化了“统一性”的概念，并讨论了它与pensee的联系。最重要的是，我们的公开实验及其DVD录制引起了出乎我们意料的热烈反应，甚至在法国和意大利学者中也引起了热烈反应。对这些实验的重新思考使我们从起点“帕斯卡实验的可行性或有效性”，转向讨论帕斯卡和罗伯瓦尔对空气弹性的不同认识。在17-18世纪，一层猪膀胱膜被用来覆盖玻璃管的顶部。我们研究了如何获得和使用这种膜，发现帕斯卡在他的思想实验中使用的“气球”实际上是猪膀胱。我们计划在网站上公开他们的书目。

Our studies have been developed under the title : Reflexions on the place of Descartes and Pascal in the history of the scientific thoughts and Study of concerned bibliographies. For this purpose, we had planned seven projects: (1) A workshop with specialists in experiments and history of science, (2) A workshop inviting a professor of Pascal studies from France, (3) Research of documents in French libraries, (4) An open experiment of Pascal and others' "Experiences du vide dans le vide" with the devices we re-constructed, (5) Making a list of bibliographies concerning the two philosophers' scientific works, (6) An oral presentation at the annual meeting of History of Science Society of Japan, (7) Publication of our result reports in European languages. Except the second one, we could successfully complete all the other projects:1.As for Descartes, we proposed the importance of the physiology developed in the 17th century Europe.2.On investigation of Pascaline, a primitive calculator, we deepened the notion of the "unity" and discussedits connection with Pensees.3.Above all, our open experiment and its DVD recording invited enthusiastic reactions beyond our expectation even among French and Italian scholars. The reconsidering of these experiments led us from our starting point, "the feasibility or the fictivity of Pascal's experiment," to the discussion of the difference of recognitions between Pascal and Roberval about the elasticity of the air.4.During the 17-18th centuries, a membrane of a pig bladder was used to cover the tops of the glass tubes. We researched how to get and use the membrane and found that the "baloons" Pascal used in his thought experiments were, in fact, pig bladders.We are planning to open their bibliographies on the WEB site.