COMMUNITY-BASED COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SPECIFIC TO ASIA

本研究旨在阐明亚洲沿海社区进行社区海岸资源管理(CBCRM)以实现资源可持续利用的前提条件和挑战。在2004财政年度，我进行了两项访谈调查：一项是对北海道秋石镇的访谈调查；另一项是对马来西亚槟城沿海渔民福利协会(PIFWA)的访谈调查。通过对两个案例的比较，得出地方政府和产品消费者的制度支持是CBCRM成功实施的前提。这一结论使得2005财年的研究重点转移到了日本的案例上，因为日本的渔业管理历史悠久，是一种规模有限但具有很强固定性的CBCRM方式。在与四国岛海岸带的养殖户、珍珠养殖户和捕捞银鱼的渔民进行访谈调查的同时，我得出的结论是，与其他初级产业农业和林业以及与消费者的合作是保护作为可持续海岸基础的沿海环境的另一个先决条件，一些专门经营有机食品的分销商在建立网络和促进相关人员之间的相互了解方面发挥了重要作用。2006财年，我再次走访槟城渔民进行跟踪调查，并访问了Saromako(Saroma湖)农场渔业合作社，世卫组织以其深思熟虑的环境管理而闻名，以可持续地生产其主要渔获物扇贝。他们的管理不仅为CBCRM为其他渔业社区提供了一个很好的模式，而且他们发展民主合作管理方式的方式也表明了一种在包括当地经济在内的各方面增强渔业社区能力的方法。

The purpose of this research is to clarify the prerequisites and challenges for coastal communities in Asia to carry out community-based coastal resource management (CBCRM) to bring about a sustainable use of the resources.In the fiscal year of 2004 I conducted two interview surveys ; one is with the municipality of the town of Akkeshi, Hokkaido and the other is with Penang Inshore Fishermen Welfare Association (PIFWA) in Penang, Malaysia. Comparison of the two cases has led to the conclusion that institutional supports from the local government and products consumers are prerequisites in conducting CBCRM successfully.This conclusion made the focus of the research in the fiscal year of 2005 shifted to cases in Japan since its fisheries management with a long history is a limited in scale yet strongly solidarized way of CBCRM. Along with the interview surveys with an eel farmer, a pearl farmer, and a fishermen who catches whitebait, who all collaborate with farmers in the coastal zone in Shikoku Island, I reached the conclusion that collaboration with other primary industries farming and forestry and also with consumers is another prerequisites for conservation of the coastal environment that serves as the basis for sustainable coast, and that some distributors who exclusively deals with organic food are playing an important role in creating a network and promoting the mutual understandings among people involved.In the fiscal year of 2006, I again visited the fishermen in Penang for a follow-up survey and also the Saromako (Lake Saroma) Farm Fisheries Cooperative, who is well-known for its deliberate environment management for sustainable production of their main catch, scallop. Not just their management serves a good model for CBCRM for other fishing communities, but also the way they have developed the democratic way of cooperative management suggests a way of empowerment of fishing communities in various dimensions including the local economy.