Study of the Epigraphic Culture inAncient Greece

我探讨了古希腊，特别是古雅典的文字和金石文化的特点。本文重点研究了公共碑刻的产生、功能及其在一段时间内的演变。所有的铭文都是许愿性质的，不管是什么类型的。因此，几乎所有的铭文都竖立在阿克罗波利斯上。因为它们被认为是神圣的，人们必须服从它们，当对铭文的冒犯被犯下时，它被认为是对神的不虔诚以及对社会的危险。公共题词最重要的组成部分是：谁提出了法令;谁负责安装;谁提出了修正案等。公布参与决定的人的名字，是公共题词的基本要素之一，因为它们只证明谁在公共决策中发挥了积极作用。精英们可以通过铭文来表明他们的存在和他们在社会中的重要性。不仅精英们，而且普通人似乎也比最近人们普遍认为的更喜欢金石文化。虽然他们的文化似乎已经简单得多，但他们仍然喜欢它，他们甚至用讽刺的话模仿精英文化。

I explored the characteristics of literacy and epigraphic culture in ancient Greece, particularly, in ancient Athens. I focus on the emergence of the public inscriptions, their functions and transformation through the period of time.The results are the following :1. All inscriptions were votive in nature, regardless of the genre. Therefore, almost all inscriptions were erected on the Akropolis. Because they were considered sacred, people had to obey them, and when an offence against an inscription was made, it was thought impious to the gods as well as dangerous to the society.2. The most important components of public inscriptions were : who proposed the decree ; who was responsible for the erection ; who proposed the amendment etc. Publishing the names of people involved in a decision, was one of the essential elements of public inscriptions, because they only proves who played an active role in a public decision perpetually. The elite could claim their presence and their importance in a society through inscriptions.Not only the elite, but also the ordinary people seem to have enjoyed epigraphic culture more than it has been generally thought recently. Though their literacy seems to have been much more simple, they still enjoy it, and they even parodied the elite's culture with an ironical remark.