The Study on Relationships between Tourism and Media in Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka

我们中的许多人比以往任何时候都更多地旅行。旅游正在成为当代生活中日益突出的特征，与现代社会的许多方面都有着深刻的关系。特别是，大多数旅游景点都是通过其形象来构建的，这些形象通过宣传册、电视、杂志和电影等媒体不断地复制。本研究以京都、奈良、神户、大阪为研究对象，研究旅游与形象的关系。京都、奈良、神户、大阪是日本关西地区著名的旅游景点。通过这样做，我们证明了不考虑形象的力量就不能分析旅游，媒体对旅游景点形象的再现起着至关重要的作用。正如Daniel J. Boorstin在《The Image- A Guide to pseudoevents in America》一书中所论述的，旅游与媒体的关系是旅游社会学中一个非常重要的主题。根据布尔斯廷的说法，游客们看到的不过是媒体制作的图像。他认为，游客的体验只是媒体创造的“伪事件”，因此这些体验本质上是肤浅和人为的。2004年，我们对旅游指南和宣传册中的文字和图片进行了分析，并对旅游行业、非营利组织、地方政府旅游部门等工作人员进行了采访。2005年，我们继续分析旅游指南和小册子中的文字和图像，并采访了旅游业、非营利组织和地方政府旅游部门的工作人员。在此基础上，我们对游客进行问卷调查。2006年，我们使用2004年和2005年的数据，对京都、奈良、神户和大阪的旅游业与媒体的关系进行了研究。

Many of us travel more than ever before. Tourism is becoming an increasingly prominent feature of contemporary life, and is deeply related to many aspects of modern society. In particular, most tourist spots are constructed by means of their image, which are constantly reproduced through media such as brochures, television, magazines, and movies.This research project studied the relationship between tourism and image in Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka. Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka are famous tourist spots in Kansai Area of Japan. By doing so, we showed that tourism cannot be analyzed without considering the power of image, and that the media play an essential role for reproducing the image of tourist spots. As Daniel J. Boorstin has discussed in his book "The Image- A Guide to Pseudo-events in America", the relationships between tourism and media are very important theme in the sociology of tourism. According to Boorstin, tourists do no more than see media-created images. He argues that tourists' experiences are only the "pseudo-events" that media create, and therefore these experiences are superficial and contrived in nature.In 2004, we analyzed texts and images in tourist guidebooks and brochures, and interviewed several persons working for tourism industries, NPO, tourism sections in local government and so on. In 2005, we continued to analyze texts and images in tourist guidebooks and brochures, and interview persons working for tourism industries, NPO, tourism sections in local government. After doing so, we implemented questionnaire survey of tourists. In 2006, we wrote reports on the relationships between tourism and media in Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka, using data of 2004 and 2005.