Basic research for the care of demented elderly people with regard to the environmental condition

本研究的目的是提出单位型和传统的特殊疗养院护理人员的教育和培训的要求。为此目的，研究了照顾者对工作场所的适应情况，包括他们的照顾方式和多年的经验。在本研究中，进行了问卷调查和时间研究。问卷由22名在传统特殊疗养院工作的护理员和36名在单位型特殊疗养院工作的护理员完成。这些养老院都是由同一家公司建立的。时间研究共对16名护理人员（8名，常规；8名单位型）进行。养老院已经同意他们参与这项研究。适应的程度是研究相对于多年的经验和照顾者的方式给予。问卷结果显示，在单元式养老院，经验不足的护理人员与使用者之间的压力显著大于经验丰富的护理人员与使用者之间的压力。这一结果似乎与时间研究的发现相关，即经验不足的护理人员在他或她的私人房间照顾每个用户所花费的时间明显短于经验丰富的护理人员，因此可以提出作为护理人员教育的必要条件。在传统的养老院也是如此，经验不足的护理人员比经验丰富的护理人员的倦怠率要高得多。建议对新护理人员进行持续的教育考虑和支持。

The purpose of this study was to propose requisites for education and training of caregivers in unit-type and conventional special nursing homes. For this purpose, adaptation of caregivers to the workplace was examined with respect to their manner of care giving and years of experience.In this study, a questionnaire was administered as well as a time study performed. Questionnaires were completed by 22 caregivers working in conventional special nursing homes and 36 caregivers working in unit-type special nursing homes. These nursing homes had all been established by the same corporation. The time study was made on a total of 16 caregivers (8,conventional ; 8 unit-type). Nursing homes had approved of their participation in this study. The degree of adaptation was studied with respect to years of experience and manner of care giving by the caregivers. Results of the questionnaire showed that in unit-type nursing homes, stress between less experienced caregivers and users was significantly greater than that between highly experienced caregivers and users. This result seemed to be correlated with the finding in the time study that the time spent by less experienced caregivers in caring for each user in his or her private room was significantly shorter than that spent by highly experienced caregivers, and could consequently be proposed as a requisite for education of caregivers. In conventional nursing homes as well, less experienced caregivers burned themselves out at significantly higher rates than did highly experienced caregivers. The importance of continuous educational consideration and support for new caregivers was suggested.