The properties of education for Juvenile delinquents in Modern Japan Focusing on Kosuke Tomeoka's Research in America and Europe

本课题通过分析留冈康介对日本近代少年犯教育制度的借鉴，（1864-1934），他采用了欧洲制度的“殖民地制度”作为他的改革学校“的制度，通过观察1903年美国和欧洲的社会制度，由于缺乏对基本资料的研究和分析，以往的研究一直没有回答他观察过哪些欧洲殖民地的问题。因此，我制作了保存留冈的文献和藏书的《东京歌亭学习》目录。通过深入调查，笔者发现了以下几个问题的新证据：第一，留冈对殖民地制度的印象是由他对瑞士“Strafanstalt Witzwyl”的访问形成的。留冈解释说，斯特拉凡斯塔维茨维尔既没有高墙，也没有封闭的海洋。然而，我的调查表明，在维茨维尔，有两种类型的机构，有围墙的和没有围墙的。第二，留冈向日本人民报告说，弗里德里希·冯·博德尔施温格建立的威尔海姆多夫和弗赖施塔特是帮助无家可归者和无权无势者的有效殖民地。然而，Tomeoka没有访问那里，而是访问了Bodelschwinghsche Anstalt Bethel的其他机构。笔者认为，他是通过阅读《贝特·冯·伯特利》的杂志而了解到威尔海姆多夫和弗赖施塔特的情况的，因此，笔者认为留冈对西方制度的报道是经过了他的偏见过滤的。传播者的偏见影响了近代日本人对西方信息的理解，在青少年教育方面也是如此。

This project investigates on how the modern Japanese learned the Western education system for juvenile delinquents, through analyzing what Kosuke Tomeoka (1864-1934), who adopted the "colony system" of the European institutions as the system of his Reform School of "Katei Gakko," learned through observing the social institutions in the United States and in Europe in 1903, and what he reported after the observation.A question on which European colonies he had observed has never been answered by the previous studies, due to the lack of research and analysis of the basic material.Therefore, I made the catalogue of Tokyo Katei Gakko, where the documents written by Tomeoka and the books he collected are kept. As a result of a thorough investigation, I have found new evidences on the following topics.First, Tomeoka's image of the colony system was formed by his visit to "Strafanstalt Witzwyl," Switzerland. Tomeoka explained that the Strafanstalt Witzwyl had neither high walls nor enclosed sea. However, my investigation shows that in Witzwyl, there are two types of the institutions, the ones enclosed with walls and the ones without walls. Tomeoka emphasized only the latter of the two types.Second, Tomeoka reported to the Japanese people that Willhelmdorf and Freistadt, which were established by Friedrich von Bodelschwingh, were effective colonies that help the homeless and the powerless. However, Tomeoka did not visit there, but instead visited other institutions in Bodelschwinghsche Anstalt Bethel. I theorize that he got the information on Willhelmdorf and Freistadt through reading a magazine of "Bote von Bethel".Therefore, I conclude that Tomeoka's report on the information on the Western institutions had been filtered through his bias. The transmitter's bias has influenced the Japanese understanding on the Western information in modern era, and this is also true in the case on the juvenile education.