New Approach to Develop Professionalism, Focusing on Modern Craftsmen and Skilled Engineers in the Social Studies Classes

我们回顾了一项关于职业的调查结果，3000名小学生和初中生参与了调查。调查结果表明：(I)他们有机会通过家人、朋友和大众媒体来考虑职业，而不是通过社会研究课程；(Ii)高级别的工作在小学和初中学生中相似，低级别的工作也是如此；(Iii)儿童获得的信息很少的职业，例如物流，最不受欢迎。流行职业的标准是(一)他们能享受工作，(二)他们能展示自己的个性，(三)他们能发展自己的事业。那些最不受欢迎的职业媒体报道较少，因此孩子们没有机会判断这个职业的好坏。考虑到上述发现和其他研究的结果，我们选择了适合五年级学生的课程和《工业研究》教材。我们主要回顾了“MAN…More Ufaction”这一主题，该地区的儿童对职业的了解往往较少。分析清楚地表明，课程内容侧重于对工业系统的了解，因此学生对工人的了解不足。以往关于初中生公民教育的研究表明，这些教材过于注重对经济基本概念的理解。因此，学生对人们的职业生活了解较少。在培养中小学生对包括工作价值在内的职业理解方面存在一些挑战。为了从教育的角度应对这些挑战，我们进行了一项关于“现代工匠和熟练工程师”及其工作场所的研究。结果表明，通过对专业技术工人的了解，学生成功地发展了职业理解和职业精神。我们根据研究结果对五年级学生进行了教学，并回顾了他们理解能力的提高。我们还提出了针对初中生的“公民教育”教学方案。较少

We reviewed the results of a survey on professions, to which 3,000 elementary and junior-high-school students responded. The survey findings show that (i) they are given the opportunity to consider professions by their family members, friends, and mass-media rather than by social studies classes, (ii) high-ranked jobs are similar among elementary and junior-high-school students, so are low-ranked jobs, (iii) professions that children receive little information of, e.g. logistics, are least popular. The criteria of popular professions are (i) they can enjoy the job, (ii) they can show one's personality, (iii) they can develop their career. Those professions favored least has less media coverage, therefore, children do not have an opportunity to judge whether the profession is good or not.Taking into consideration the above findings and the results from other researches, we chose course of study and textbooks of "industrial studies" for 5th graders. We mainly reviewed the subject of "man … More ufacturing", the area children tend to have less vocational understanding. The analysis clearly shows that the contents focus on understanding of industrial systems so students have insufficient knowledge about workers. As the previous research on "civic education" for junior-high-school students indicates, the materials give too much priority to understanding the basic concept of economy. Therefore, students have less understanding of vocational lives of people. There are some challenges in making elementary and junior-high-school students develop vocational understanding, including value of work.To cope with such challenges from an educational point of view, we conducted a research on "modern craftsmen and skilled engineers" and their workplaces. The outcome shows that by learning about professional and skilled workers, students successfully develop vocational understanding and professionalism. We taught 5th graders based on the research findings and reviewed the improvement of their understanding. We also suggested teaching plans of "civic educations" for junior-high-school students. Less