Research on Performance Evaluation of Hollow-Type Contact Carrier Applied for Biological Wastewater Treatment

主要目的是为生物接触氧化工艺开发独特的载体和设计程序。合理的设计程序尚不明确，但主要是基于实际的现场试验。研究目标设定为三点。首先是市售中空型载体净化功能的性能评价。其次是在实验室反应器中测定基质去除率和生物质产率系数，以及生物质与载体的分离速率。三是对载体表面生长的活性生物量进行定量评价，在第一个指标上，筛选出了七种载体。这些载体分别固定在螺旋型反应器中。通过对各载体流型的观察和拍照，确定了各载体的平均速度及其分布规律、旋转度等，同时用呼吸计检查了载体的附着特性，在第二个靶上，载体的脱落率明显高于自分解率，约为2.5倍。一旦底物被微生物摄取，然后转化为微生物。这意味着增加的生物量很容易被水流剪切力从载体表面扯下，构成反应器中悬浮的微生物。最后一个目标是，在载体表面生长的生物膜并不以光滑、薄的相同形式存在。本文介绍了几种具有脱氢酶活性的微生物的染色方法，通过CCD摄像机观察其显色情况，从而明确微生物的斑点和数量。该方法的实际操作过程并不完全，但已成为测定载体上活性生物量的有效工具

The main purposes are the development of unique carrier and design procedure for the biological contact oxidation process. The reasonable design procedure is not clear, but has mainly been based on the practical field experiment. Research targets are set to three points. First is the performance evaluation on purification functions of commercially available hollow-type carries. Second are the determinations of substrate removal rate and biomass yield coefficient, and detachment rate of biomass from carrier in a laboratory reactor. Third is the quantification and evaluation of active biomass which grows on the surface of carrier.On the first target, seven kinds of carrier became available. Those carriers are putted in the spiral type rector respectively. The flow pattern of each carrier is observed and taken in photograph to determine each mean velocity and its distribution pattern, rotation degree and so on. While, the attachment characteristics is also checked by respiro-meter.On the second target, the detachment rate becomes obvious to be in almost 2.5 times higher than that of self decomposition rate. Once substrate is ingested in microbes, and then converted to microbes. This means the increased biomass is easily torn off from the carrier surface by flow shear stress, which composes the suspended microbes in the reactor.On the last target, the biofilm developed on the carrier surface does not exist in smooth and thin identical form. Here, the dyeing method of some microbes which possess dehydrogenase activity is introduced to make clear the spot and amount of such microbes by developed color, which is observed by CCD camera. The practical procedure is not complete, but this method become very effective tool to measure the active biomass on carrier