Medicolegal and Pathological Study of Injury on Human Bones Excavated from Ancient Remains.

我们试图阐明从中国商代遗址出土的古人类骨骼损伤的原因。192人中有18人（9.4%）有一定的骨骼损伤。在18块受伤的骨头中，有10块是青铜武器造成的伤口，通过查阅当时商朝使用的武器的许多文献，基于X射线和CT图像的分析，以及使用动物骨骼进行的伤害复制实验，可以确定。尤其是在中国考古史上，最早的一件青铜兵器碎片嵌在头骨顶部的案件，是一件兵器被科学鉴定的案件。商代都城的形制是一座被城墙包围的堡城。此外，与其他国家的许多战斗在当时是频繁的。在这个实验中，许多从平民坟墓中挖掘出来的人骨被发现有青铜武器造成的伤口。这一事实在考古学上是有趣的，因为它证明了历史事实，即与外国敌人的战斗是在商朝的首都进行的。在祭祀的骨头上发现了各种罕见的伤口。但由于我们不可能在未经中国政府正式授权的情况下展示牺牲者的骨骼照片和受伤分析结果，现在我们正在向政府申请展示许可。

We tried to elucidate the cause of skeletal injuries observed on ancient humans excavated from remains of Chinese Shang Dynasty. Eighteen among 192 individuals (9.4%) had certain skeletal injuries. In 10 out of the 18 injured bones, identification of the bronze weapon which had formed the wounds was possible by reviewing many documents about weapons used in the Shang of those days, analysis based on X-ray and CT images, and reproduction experiments of injuries using bones of an animal. Especially, a case which a fragment of a bronze weapon stuck in on a top of the skull was the oldest one, that a weapon was scientifically identified, in Chinese archeology history. The capital of the Shang takes a form of a fort city surrounded by a castle wall by fieldwork. Moreover, many fights with the other nation were frequent at that time. In this experiment, many human bones excavated from a grave of common people were found to have injuries formed by bronze weapons. This fact is archeologically interesting because it proves the historical fact that fighting with a foreign enemy was done in the capital of the Shang Dynasty. Various rare injuries were observed on bones of sacrifices. But because we are not possible to give a presentation if do not undergo the official authorization of the China government about showing photographs of sacrifices' bones and analysis results of the injuries, now we are applying for permission of presentation to the government.