Language Contact of Minority Peoples in Central Asia Today

该项目的首席调查员K.Yanagida和其注册成员之一H.Kanno于2005年和2006年夏天在柯尔克孜省首府比什凯克及其郊区的一个名为“Aleksandrovka”的村庄进行了实地考察，该村的居民大多是东干人。尽管他这次在比什凯克进行田野调查的第一个目的，即收集足够的俄语和东干语之间的语码转换的声音材料来分析这一重要现象，结果并不令人满意，但柳田可以确信，中亚地区的非斯拉夫人所说的俄语中存在着不规范的现象，这些现象涵盖了说着非常不同的母语的不同民族。柳田认为，这可能是在典型的中亚多语区通过一些复杂的过程形成的带有俄语词汇的洋泾浜语言的遗迹，柳田在他的文章《论皮钦语中的双胞胎》中认为Double…的作用根据以前关于俄挪混杂和西方混杂语言的研究结果，更多的混杂语言中的T及其与“取代词汇”的可能性的关系，显然看起来几乎是不可能的。H.Kanno收集了两年来所有关于Dunman语的现有文章和所有可用的出版物，他还通过在柯尔克孜语的田野工作收集了大量Dunman语基本词汇的声音记录。通过对这些材料的分析，菅野得出结论，尽管敦芒的语音系统与普通话的语音系统有很大的差异，但它们的语音系统非常相似。因此，他还得出结论，目前使用西里尔字母的Dunmann拼法没有完全区分多余的特征和独特的特征，需要进行一定的修改，因为它包含的字母数量超过了需要的数量。Kanno在他的文章《Dunmann及其正字法》中详细描述了他的分析，并提出了修改Dunmann正字法的建议。菅义伟还编辑了一本71页的传记目录，其中载有所有已知的敦甘人的名字和他们的著作清单。较少

K.Yanagida, the head investigator of this project and H. Kanno, one of its registered members, performed fieldwork together in the summer of 2005 and 2006 in Bishkek, the capital city of Kirgiz, and at a village "Aleksandrovka" in its outskirts, most of the residents of which are Doungan people. In spite of unsatisfying results for his first purpose of the fieldwork in Bishkek this time, i.e. collecting enough sound materials of code-switching between Russian and Doungan languages to analyze this important phenomenon, Yanagida could get convinced of the existence of un-normative phenomena in the Russian language spoken by non-Slavic people of Cental Asia, which cover quite diverse nations speaking very different native languages. Thinking that this may be the vestige of a pidgin language with Russian lexicon which was formed through some complicated processes in the typical multilingual area of Central Asia, Yanagida considered in his article "On Doublets in Pidgins" the role of double … More ts in pidgin languages and their relation to the possibility of "replacement of lexicon", which apparently looks as if almost impossible, standing on the results of former studies about Russo-Norwegian pidgin and pidgins from Western languages.H.Kanno has collected all the available articles about Dunganese and all the available publications written in it in for two years and he also made a large collection of sound records of basic vocabulary of Dunganese through his fieldwork in Kirgiz. Having analyzed these materials, Kanno came to a conclusion that the phonological system of Dunganese is very similar to that of Mandarin Chinese despite the apparently large difference between them. So he also concluded that the present orthography of Dunganese with Cyrillic alphabet does not fully differentiate redundant features from distinctive ones and requires a certain amendment in the sense that it contains a larger number of letters than it needs. Kanno described details of his analysis and made his proposal for amendment of Dunganese orthography in his article "Dunganese and its Orthography". Kanno also edited a biographical catalogue which consists of 71 pages and contains the names of all the known Dungan persons with lists of their writings. Less