Observational studies of co-evolution of galaxies and super-massive black holes

1)利用2型活动星系核（agn），在~0.3（约3 Gyr前）和~1.0 （8Gyr前）的红移(z)范围内，研究了黑洞质量与宿主星系球体成分的光度（恒星质量）之间的关系。得到的关系在z~0.3处没有明显的变化，但在z~1.0处与现在的宇宙相比有轻微的变化。结果表明，在宇宙时间尺度上，黑洞比球体成分生长得更早。2)在目标红移约2 （10Gyr）处对最模糊的类星体群进行了搜索，并发现了一些这样的候选者。研究了它们的详细性质。由于这些类星体可能处于快速成长阶段，它们也可能处于强烈的星爆阶段，可能富含分子气体。为了看到它，对其中一个进行了CO观测。事实证明，这个物体不是很富含气体。3)当地宇宙中窄线Seyfert 1星系中的黑洞应该生长得非常快，并且处于AGN的非常年轻的阶段。为了探讨黑洞的气体燃料机制，对宿主星系的形态进行了研究。棒状星系的比例被证明很高，这表明棒状结构是气体燃料的原因。如果黑洞快速增长，则中心区域的恒星形成可能也在活跃地形成恒星。人们对窄线塞弗特1星系进行了CO观测，但没有发现共同进化的明确证据。从这些结果可以看出，从宇宙演化的角度来看，黑洞生长得更早，同时的共同演化并不是在同一时间尺度上发生的。

1)By using type-2 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), relations between black hole mass and luminosity (stellar mass) of the spheroid component of their host galaxies was examined at a redshift (z) of ~0.3 (i.e., about 3 Gyr ago) and ~1.0 (8Gyr ago). The obtained relations do not show a significant evolution at z~0.3 but shows a slight evolution at z~1.0 as compared with that at the present day universe. The results suggest that the black holes grew earlier than the spheroid components with a cosmological time scale.2)A search for the most obscured population of quasars was made at a target redshift of ~2 (10Gyr ago), and a few such candidates were found. Detailed properties of them were studied. Since these quasars may be in the rapid growing phase, they may also be in an intense star-burst phase and may be very molecular gas rich. In order to see it, a CO observation of one of them was made. It was turned out that the object is not very gas rich.3)Black holes in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies in the local universe are supposed to be growing very rapidly and are in a very young phase of AGN. In order to investigate the gas fueling mechanism to black holes, morphology of the host galaxies was studied. The fraction of barred galaxies is turned out to be high, suggesting the bar structure is responsible for the gas fueling. If the black holes grow rapidly, the star formation in the central region may also be actively forming stars. CO observations of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies were made, but no clear evidence for co-evolution was seen.From these results, it is turned out that black holes grow earlier in terms of cosmological evolution and the simultaneous co-evolution does not occur with the same time-scale.