The observation of ball behavior in a ball bearing using the apparatus that can rotate the inner ring and the outer ring independently and precisely

作者对球轴承的非重复跳动（NRRO）进行了理论和实验研究。我们的经验表明，NRRO的大部分幅度可以归因于滚动元件的角频率（f_c），这是由滚珠之间的尺寸变化引起的（即，最大滚珠直径-最小滚珠直径）。然而，在最近的研究中，理论计算已经证明，NRRO也可能受到球的不相等轨道间距的不利影响（即，来自相等间距的球的角度发散）。fc分量已经在带有可变兜孔间隙的保持架的轴承中进行了实验测量;在间隙较大的轴承中发现fc值较高。滚珠能够在保持架允许的间隙内移动到任意位置;因此，保持架间隙越大，滚珠的轨道间距可能越不均匀。本报告 ...更多信息 假设在旋转期间保持球轨道间距的初始非均匀分布。然而，很难相信这实际上发生在实际应用中使用的轴承中，其中滚珠在轴承旋转时牢固地保持在保持架中。结果表明：（1）当保持架从静止轴承上取下时，组合载荷在比单纯轴向载荷集中所需时间短得多的时间内（小于1 s）集中在单个滚动体上。(2)当滚动体聚集在某个位置时，该位置总是代表轴向载荷分布的中心，并且它发生在内外座圈之间的径向距离最小的位置。(3)已经清楚的是，滚动元件在轴承旋转期间在保持器凹穴内径向移动，从而偏离均匀的轨道间隔。结果表明，当保持器凹槽中存在高间隙时，这是fc分量增加的原因。少

The author has performed theoretical and experimental examinations of non-repetitive run-out (NRRO) of ball bearings. Our experience has shown that most of the magnitude of NRRO can be ascribed to the angular frequency of the rolling elements (f_c), which is caused by the dimensional variation between the balls (i.e., maximum ball diameter-minimum ball diameter) in a given bearing. In recent research, however, theoretical calculations have demonstrated that NRRO can also be adversely affected by unequal orbital spacing of the balls (i.e., the angular divergence of the balls from equal spacing). The fc components have been experimentally measured in bearings with retainers having variable pocket clearance; higher values of fc were found in bearings with larger clearances.Balls are able to shift to arbitrary positions within the clearances permitted by the retainer; thus, the greater the retainer clearance is, the less uniform the orbital spacing of the balls is likely to be. This report … More assumes that the initial non-uniform distribution of ball orbital spacing is preserved during rotation. However, it is difficult to believe that this actually occurs in bearings used in actual applications, where the balls are firmly held in the retainers as the bearing revolves. The following results were obtained:(1) When the retainer is removed from a stationary loaded bearing, the combined load becomes concentrated upon a single rolling element within a much shorter time (less than 1 s) than the time required for concentration of a pure axial load.(2) When the rolling elements are clustered about a certain position, this position always represents the center of the axial load distribution, and it occurs where there is the lowest radial distance between the inner and outer races.(3) It has become clear that the rolling elements move radically within the retainer pockets during rotation of the bearing, thereby diverging from uniform orbital spacing. It has been shown that this is the cause for the increase in the fc component when there is high clearance in the retainer pockets. Less