Evolutionary adaptation on floral longevity and reproductive traits in Camissonia refracta and Hemerocallis vespertina

摘要本研究旨在阐明美国加州莫哈韦沙漠地区的山芋花（Camissonia refracta, onagracae）和日本的萱草（Hemerocallis vespertina）花寿命性状的进化适应，以及它们的花寿命与生殖性状之间的关系。(1)以2005年和2004年的资料为基础，采用Lande和Arnold（1983）和Arnold和Wade（1984）的数量遗传方法，计算了两个种群的花寿命性状、花性状、生长形态和花期的选择梯度。白天花瓣开放度、花大小、植株大小等性状的选择梯度均具有统计学显著性，表明自然选择作用于这些性状。(2)采用半同胞法进行了性状遗传力的研究，继承了栽培过程中的几个难点。目前，Fl胶囊正在收集中。(3)通过通径分析，明确了显著选择梯度检测到的性状之间的相互关系。(4)苦参属是自交不亲和的。自亲和性个体开花时间晚，花寿命短。首先，根据质证结果和花粉管破裂的位置来确定自交不亲和的类型。(5)研究了花中花蜜量与适合度的关系。基于这些结果的论文目前已经提交或正在准备中。

The purpose of this project is to clarify about the evolutionary adaptation on the floral longevity traits of Camissonia refracta (Onagraceae) occurring in the Mojave Desert, California and Hemerocallis vespertina occurring in Japan, and aboutthe relation between the floral longevity and reproductive traits.The following has been conducted or conducting :(1)The selection gradients of the floral longevity traits, floral characters, growth forms, and floral seasons have been calculated by the quantitative genetics procedures of the Lande and Arnold (1983) and Arnold and Wade (1984) in the two populations of Camissonia refracta, based on the data collected in 2005 and 2004. The selection gradients of the characters of the degree of petal opening during the day, floral size, and plant size have been statistically significant, indicating that natural selection is acting on the characters.(2)The heritability of the characters is investigating based on half-sib methods, carrying over several difficulty in the process of the cultivation. At present, the Fl capsules are collecting.(3)The respective relationships of the characters detected the significant selection gradients have been clarified by path analysis.(4)The Camissonia refracta species is self-incompatible. The self-compatible individuals were found, having late flowering season and very short floral longevity. At first, the type of the self-incompatible is decided based on the results of cross-examination and the position of the pollen tubes breaking down.(5)On Hemerocallis vespertina the relation between nectar volume in a flower and fitness was investigated.The papers based on these results have been submitted or preparing at present.