Medieval Miraculous Images in the Baroque period in the Archdiocese of Cologne (in its late 18th century boundaries)

这个项目考察了中世纪的雕塑和绘画，这些雕塑和绘画在科隆大主教管区的早期现代时期被尊崇为奇迹般的形象，或者在那个时代的圣地景观中被授予特殊的角色。将分析这些形象的重塑、背景和支持这些形象的各种行为者，以及它们在经济和政治停滞时期在建立区域特性方面的作用。到目前为止，莱茵河地区中世纪雕像的巴洛克风格还没有被研究过。然而，它的意义远远超出了大主教管区的边界，因为中世纪的视觉存在在早期现代时期的科隆大主教管区比几乎任何其他西欧地区都要强烈。中世纪的雕像被赠送在大都市的主要教堂(大教堂、耶稣会教堂、圣乌苏拉)，与文物结合在一起，往往具有类似的地位。此外，早在中世纪晚期，雕像重塑就是莱茵河地区的一种众所周知的现象。此外，大约在1500年左右，科隆确立了自己作为当地朝圣者网络的中心--这一点在研究中迄今几乎没有注意到。与此相关的是天主教改革期间许多规模较小的中世纪雕像朝圣活动。这是由科隆的维特尔斯巴赫选举人及其亲属帕拉蒂纳-纽堡公爵推动的，导致波恩、布鲁尔和杜塞尔多夫等王室居住城市被翻新成典范的祭祀景观。修道院和大学教堂，既有新的，也有旧的，密集地参与了旧雕像的上演。聚集在兄弟会中的门外汉，特别是在科隆，负责组织朝圣这些图像。这些代理人的合作，他们的动机和对老物体的看法将被审查，就像什么动力可以从个人与奇迹图像的联系中进化出来的问题一样。与前往由教会机构控制的圣墓的大型朝圣活动相比，这些规模较小的朝圣活动--首次针对科隆进行研究--是为一个复杂的社会建立身份认同的理想选择。这些神奇的图像通常很少受到关注，因为它们长期以来被后来的多色应用程序认为是“毁容的”，因此更是站在这个项目的中心。因此，对这些作品的技术审查及其早期的现代修改将受到特别的关注。最重要的是，早期现代科隆大主教管区的圣地景观将被重建，这一景观因19世纪和20世纪的巨大变化而变形，但以伟大过去的物质存在为标志。

This project examines medieval sculptures and paintings that were venerated in the early modern period in the archdiocese of Cologne as miraculous images or conferred a special role within the sacral landscape of that age. The reframing, the context and the various actors supporting the veneration of these images will be analysed, as well as their role in the construction of a regional identity during a period of economic and political stagnation. Until now, the Baroque mise-en-scène of medieval statues in the Rhine region has not been studied. It’s significance, however, extends far beyond the boundaries of the archdiocese for understanding how older objects were engaged with, as the visual presence of the Middle Ages was stronger in the archdiocese of Cologne in the early modern period than in almost any other Western European region. Medieval statues were presented in the key churches of the metropolis (Cathedral, Jesuit Church, Saint Ursula) in combination with relics, often with a comparable status. The reframing of statues, moreover, had been a well-known phenomenon in the Rhine region since as early as the late medieval era. Around 1500, moreover, Cologne established itself as the hub of a network of local pilgrimages to images – something hardly noticed in the research up to now. Linked to this are the numerous smaller pilgrimages to medieval statues during the Catholic Reformation. This was promoted by the Wittelsbach electors of Cologne as well as by their relatives, the Dukes of Palatinate-Neuburg, resulting in the royal residence cities of Bonn, Brühl and Düsseldorf being refurbished into model sacral landscapes. Monasteries and collegiate churches, older as well as newer ones, participated intensively in the staging of older statues. Lay persons gathered together in brotherhoods, particularly in Cologne, took charge of the organisation of the pilgrimages to such images. The collaboration of these agents, their motivation and perspectives on the older objects will be examined, just like the question of what dynamics could evolve out of a personal connection with the miraculous images. Better than the major pilgrimages to the holy tombs controlled by ecclesiastical institutions, these smaller pilgrimages to venerated images – studied for the first time in regards to Cologne – were ideal for establishing an identity for a complex society. These miraculous images have often received scant attention, as they have long been considered “disfigured” by later applications of polychromy, and thus stand all the more at the centre of this project. For this reason, the technological examination of these works and their early modern modifications will receive particular attention. Above all, the sacral landscape of the early modern archdiocese of Cologne will be reconstructed, a landscape disformed by massive changes during the 19th and 20th centuries, yet marked by the material presence of a great past.