Designing an Integrative, Comprehensive, Sustainable and Secure Pandemic Data Donation Project in Germany

2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行在过去14个月在全球范围内的发展表明，成功缓解疾病和遏制SARS-CoV-2病毒需要政策制定者、公共卫生机构和机构采取（i）迅速、（ii）早期和（iii）区域性解决方案的行动。为了改进快速反应、早期反应和区域性评估，罗伯特·科赫研究所启动了两个数字海量数据项目，旨在推进流行病监测、形势评估，并提供高分辨率数据的定量计算模型。“Covid-19移动项目”使用来自5000多万个人手机用户的匿名和汇总的商业移动数据。流动性项目作为一种工具发挥了重要作用，以高空间分辨率衡量人口的行为变化，例如对封锁措施的反应。Corona-Data-Donation Project（Datenspende-App）于二零二零年四月推出。在这个项目中，超过50万名捐赠者提供了他们的日常心率，步数和睡眠模式的数据，这些数据由他们的可穿戴设备，智能手表或健身追踪器捕获。基于这些数据流的个体时间序列和数学算法，计算用户出现发热的可能性，这是一条有价值的信息，因为发热是COVID-19疾病的症状之一。捐助者群体稳定在50万人，是全球唯一一个如此规模的数据捐助项目。不久将发布新版本的捐赠项目（Datenspeed3.0），允许与个人捐赠者直接互动。通过这种方式，可以进行实时调查，例如关于健康状况、历史、过去的COVID感染或心理方面的调查。该项目旨在整合Covid-19移动和数据捐赠项目，将个人匿名移动配置文件的捐赠元素整合为捐赠流的一部分。目标是为可持续的大流行数据捐赠项目开发概念、技术和计算基础设施，该项目整合了生命信号监测、个人移动模式、和接触动态以及来自社会和心理调查的信息。因此，该项目将个人健康监测、流动性以及流行病监测的个人调查方面纳入一个基于自愿数据分配原则的单一实时监测系统。

The unfolding of the Covid-19 pandemic during the past 14 months on a global scale showed that a successful mitigation of the disease and containment on the SARS-CoV-2-virus requires (i) swift, (ii) early, and (iii) regionally resolved action by policy makers, public health bodies, and institutions. In order improve, swiftness, early response and regionally resolved assessments the Robert Koch-Institute launched two digital mass-data projects, that were designed to advance pandemic surveillance, situation assessment and provide quantitative computational models with high-resolution data. The “Covid-19 mobility project” uses anonymized and aggregated commercial mobility data, derived from over 50 million individual cell phone users. The mobility project has been instrumental as a tool for measuring behavior changes in the population with high spatial resolution for instance in response to lockdown measures. The Corona-Data-Donation Project (Datenspende-App) was launched in April 2020. In this project more than 500.000 donors provide their data on daily heart-rate, step counts and sleep pattern that is captured by their wearable devices, smart watches or fitness trackers. Based on individual time-series of these data streams and mathematical algorithms the likelihood of a user having developed fever is computed, a valuable piece of information as fever is one of the symptoms of covid-19 disease. The community of donors remains stable at half a million individuals and is the only data donation project of this volume worldwide. A new version of the donation project will be released soon (Datenspende 3.0) that permits direct interaction with individual donors. This way real-time surveys can be conducted, e.g. on the state of health, history, past covid infection or psychological aspects. This project aims to integrate the Covid-19 Mobility and Data Donation projects by integrating a donation element of individual, anonymized mobility profiles as part of a donation stream.The goal is the development of the conceptual, technological, and computational infrastructure for a sustainable pandemic data donation project that integrates the components of surveillance of vital signals, individual mobility patterns, and contact dynamics as well as information from social and psychological surveys under one umbrella. The project thus integrates, individual health monitoring, mobility as well as individual survey aspects of pandemic surveillance in a single, real-time monitoring system based on a voluntary datadonation principle.