Stratosphere-troposphere coupling inferred from the space-time variation of minor constituents

本研究的目的是利用全球和观测站资料的互补使用，以及数值模式输出，研究平流层-对流层交换过程。特别注意了热带对流层顶区的臭氧和水蒸气分布，在那里这些次要物种对气候的动力、辐射和化学相互作用是至关重要的。此外，我们还在东、中、西太平洋进行了18次臭氧和水汽探测仪的运动观测，以填补赤道周围数据稀疏区的空白。与此同时，我们一直在与外国调查人员合作，测试和改进一种商业冷冻镜湿度计，即“白雪公主”。我们的主要研究工作总结如下：1)我们的水汽探测观测首次揭示了热带对流层顶区水汽廓线的季节性和局部性(Voemel等人，2002)。2)利用东太平洋的水汽观测，提出赤道开尔文波可能控制进入平流层的水汽入口值(Fujiwara等人，2001)。3)基于全球分析数据和大气环流模式输出，探测和讨论了赤道对流层顶温度和上升速度中与ENSO有关的信号(Hatsushika和Yamazaki，4)我们在“Shoyo-Maru”号考察船上进行了臭氧探空观测，在赤道东太平洋发现了几个特征(Shiotani等人，2002年)。5)我们与其他水汽传感器进行了几次相互比较，并评估了它们的性能(Fujiwara等人，2003年；Voemel等人，2003年)。

This research program was intended to investigate the stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes based on complementary use of the global and station data, and numerical model output. Special attention was paid to the ozone and water vapor distributions in the tropical tropopause region where dynamical, radiative and chemical interactions of these minor species on the climate is crucial. In addition, we have performed 18 campaign observations of ozone and water vapor sondes in the eastern, central and western Pacific to fill the gap of data sparse regions around the equator. At the same time we had been testing and improving a commercial chilled-mirror hygrometer, so called "Snow White", in collaboration with foreign investigators. The main part of our research activity is summarized in the following.1) Our water vapor sonde observations first revealed the seasonally and locality of water vapor profiles in the tropical tropopause region (Voemel et al., 2002).2) It is suggested using water vapor observations in the eastern Pacific that the equatorial Kelvin wave may control a water vapor entry value into the stratosphere (Fujiwara et al., 2001).3) On the basis of the global analysis data and general circulation model output the ENSO-related signals in temperature and upward velocity in the equatorial tropopause were detected and discussed (Hatsushika and Yamazaki, 2001).4) We have conducted ozonesonde observations on board the research vessel "Shoyo-Maru" and found several characteristic features in the equatorial eastern Pacific (Shiotani et al., 2002).5) We have made several intercomparison campaigns with other water vapor sensors and evaluated their performance (Fujiwara et al., 2003 ; Voemel et al., 2003).