Exchange of signal molecules derived from fungal parasites and plants on the plant surfaces and then-signal transmission leading to defense reaction or accessibility induction.

本研究发现：1）一种新的病原真菌（Colktotrichum lagenarium）分生孢子萌发诱导剂是一种十八烷酸衍生物; 2）利用AtMT方法从病原真菌中克隆到一个新的毒力基因，即抗类胡萝卜素蛋白基因。该基因在稻瘟病菌中的缺失导致其对水稻的无毒力; 3）拟南芥的一个生态型In-0对希氏锥虫表现出抗性。4）不亲和的白粉病菌（Erysiphe pisi）分生孢子与植物接触后，立即分泌出含酯酶的胞外基质（ECM）。这种ECM诱导了对相容性挑战者的不可接近性（细胞水平的抗性）; 5）细胞壁结合的NTR是外源性信号分子的受体。无机磷是NTPases诱导植物防御反应的产物之一。转NTPases基因烟草对致病真菌表现出抗性; 6）本氏烟草NTPases的VTGS对细菌性病原菌表现出敏感性，表明NTPases与非寄主抗性关系不大。

In this project, we found that, 1) A new inducer for germination of conidiospores of a fungal pathogen (Colktotrichum lagenarium) is a derivative of octadecanoic acid ; 2) A gene for resistance to osmotin-like proteins was cloned as s new virulent gene from C.lagenarium by AtMT method. Disruption of this ortholog in Magnaporthe grisea resulted in avirulent to rice plant ; 3) In-0, an ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana showed resistance to C.higginsianum. This resistance gene is located the 4th chromosome with several molecular markers ; 4) Conidiospores of an incompatible powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe pisi) secreted immediately extracellular matrix (ECM) including esterase on the surface of plants when these spores contacted. This ECM induced inaccessibility (resistance at cell level) to the compatible challenger ; 5) Cell wall-bound NTPase is a receptor for exogenous signal molecules. Inorganic phosphate, one of the products by NTPases induced defense response in plants. Transgenic tobacco with NTPase gene showed resistance to virulent fungi ; 6) VTGS of NTPase in Nicotiana benthamiana showed susceptibility to bacterial pathogens, indicating that NTPases are lightly associated with nonhost resistance.