Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere

印度尼西亚群岛是地球仪上强烈大气运动的中心之一。然而，由于该地区观测资料的缺乏，这些大气运动及其变化的机制还不清楚。2001年9月至2007年3月，日本在印度尼西亚开展了一个为期六年的研究项目-赤道大气耦合过程，目的是从观测上阐明赤道大气中发生的动力学和电动力学耦合过程。在CPEA的六年中，在印度尼西亚西苏门答腊的Kotototabang建立了一个新的赤道大气观测站，赤道大气雷达（EAR）是其核心设施（0.20？100.32？E）。在本演讲中，我们将回顾该项目的一些亮点。首先，与传统的预测相反，在MJO振荡的非活跃期，苏门答腊岛上空存在深对流，而在活跃期，浅对流占主导地位。第二，发现周期为2- 3天的重力惯性波与深对流有明显的相关性，其波源为缓慢向东的平流对流。第三，CHAMP-GPS在印度尼西亚本地和全球范围内探测到对流层顶附近周期为10-12天，平流层下部周期为5.5-8天的Kelvin波。第四，提供了若干证据，证明对流层的长期变化影响着中层-同层顶区域的动态。最后，有人建议，在100公里的高度附近的重力波有助于等离子体泡的产生。

The Indonesian Archipelago is one of the centers of intense atmospheric motions over the globe. The mechanisms of these atmospheric motions and their changes, however, have not yet been made clear due to the sparseness of observational data in that region. The Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere (CPEA), a six-year research project of Japan, was conducted in Indonesia to observationally elucidate dynamical and electrodynamical coupling processes occurring in the equatorial atmosphere from September 2001 to March 2007. During six years of CPEA, a new Equatorial Atmosphere Observatory was established with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) as the core facility in Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (0.20??S, 100.32??E). In the present talk we will review some highlights from this project. First, it has been found, contrary to the traditional expectation, that deep convection over Sumatra Island is observed in inactive phase of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), while shallow convection is dominant in active phase. Secondly, clear correlation between deep convection and enhanced inertia gravity waves with period 2-3days was found with their wave source identified as slowly eastward advecting convection. Thirdly, Kelvin waves with periods 10-12 days near the tropopause and 5.5-8 days in the lower stratosphere were detected locally overIndonesia and globally by CHAMP-GPS. Fourthly, several pieces of evidence have been provided to demonstrate that long-term variability in the troposphere influences the dynamics of the mesopause-homopause region. Finally, it has been suggested that gravity waves near 100 km in altitude contribute to generation of plasma bubbles.