Biospin mediated signaling mechanisms in response to extmcellular stresses

现在已经认识到硝酸氧化物（NO）是血管音调的内源介质、周边和中央神经系统中的神经发射器以及免疫系统中的效应分子。NO是由L-精氨酸由NO合成（NOSS）引起的，在哺乳动物中存在各种器官和组织。在天然mucosa中，两种类型的固定NO合成物已经被发现和被诱导的NO合成物（iNOS），其中一些是在炎症和免疫激活的状态中描述的，并且没有在正常大鼠应激反应中检测到。另外，一种非酶性的无生产途径似乎在蒸汽机中活跃，在营养不良下，营养不良被舌头表面细菌和硝酸被减少到营养不良下，然后被带入蒸汽机，并减少到NO。内源性NO，通过这些酶和非酶的途径产生，已经被证明是不受影响的，但不仅仅是在天然微生物血流的规定中， b ... More 它也适用于酸保密、肌肉保密和胃动力学的调节。在目前的研究中，通过体外去除NO的生理学或病理学作用，我们通过在大鼠胃肠道交叉点的高浓度中部署了NO生成的发光的动物模型，在体内进行了研究，通过管理nitrite + acidic ascorbic acid，在iNOS和cyclooxygenase （COX）之间的交叉谈话之间的体内研究，通过大鼠胃肠道mucosa，and in vitro study on the effect of Helicobacter pylori （H.）pylori）·lipopolysaccharide （LPS） on the expression of Toll-like receptor （TLR）2 and TLR4 using a mouse normal gastric epithelial cell line （GSM06）。顺便说一下，我们发现了以下发现： 1）没有由硝酸盐管理产生的营养差异，导致了该组织中的局部消耗glutathione; 2）COX活动在iNOS-NO途径上的影响在炎症状态下的天然微生物完整性规则中是重要的; 3） H. pylori-LPS刺激指标通过TLR 2信号在正常小鼠Gastric Epithelial GSMO 6细胞中。此基于H pylori-LPS模拟对TLR 4 iNOS诱导的TLR 2工作进行了合作。Less（低）

It is now recognized that nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous mediator of vascular tone, a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and an effector molecule in the immune system. NO is endogenously synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthases (NOSs), which exist in various organs and tissues in mammals. In the gastric mucosa, two types of constitutive NO synthases have been discovered and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is expressed in states of inflammation and immune activation, has not been detected in normal rat stomach. Additionally, a non-enzymatic NO production pathway appears to be active in the stomach, in which dietary nitrate is reduced to nitrite by the tongue surface bacteria and the nitrite is then carried into the stomach and reduced to NO under luminal acidic conditions. Endogenous NO, produced through these enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, has been demonstrated to be involved not only in the regulation of gastric mucosal blood flow, b … More ut also in the modulation of acid secretion, mucus secretion and gastric motility. In the present study, to elucidate physiological or pathophysiological roles of NO in stomach, we were carried out in vivo study by employing an animal model in which high concentration of NO were generated luminally at the gastro-esophageal junction by administration of nitrite plus acidic ascorbic acid, in vivo study on cross talk between iNOS and cyclooxygenase (COX) in rat gastric mucosa, and in vitro study on the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)・lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 using a mouse normal gastric epithelial cell line (GSM06). Consequently, we obtained following findings : 1) NO generated by nitrite administration on the lumen diffuses into the adjacent gastric tissue to a substantial degree, leading to localized consumption of glutathione in the tissue; 2) the effect of COX activity on iNOS-NO pathway can be important in the regulation of gastric mucosal integrity in inflammation states; 3) H. pylori-LPS stimulation induces TLR2 through TLR4 signaling in normal mouse gastric epithelial GSMO6 cells. This induced TLR2 cooperatively with TLR4 work for iNOS induction by H pylori-LPS simulation. Less