Quantum simulation with engineered dissipation

近年来，在超冷原子中实现新的相互作用以实现强关联物质的奇异相并执行量子操作方面取得了重大进展。然而，仍有一个前沿领域在很大程度上仍未被探索，这与实现远程特征的强烈互动有关。虽然众所周知，光子相互作用在原理上提供了一条可行的途径，但在实践中，原子自发辐射形式的大而不可控的耗散极大地限制了实际取得的成就。我们的目标突破是通过构建一个由多原子Yb光钳阵列和腔QED装置组成的新平台来克服这一障碍。虽然自发辐射通常会限制光-物质耦合系统的相互作用保真度，但我们的装置将利用自发辐射作为一种相关的耗散形式，它可以被抑制，甚至可以用于耗散工程，因为有能力控制原子在亚波长距离处的位置。预计相互作用保真度的提高(~99%)，以及设计远程相互作用和耗散的通用性，将使这种平台成为未来量子模拟和计量学应用的领先候选者，因为它能够产生、研究和利用新的奇异耗散相物质。当前能力上的这些进展将来自于新的实验发展，光-物质相互作用的新概念范式，以及新的理论方法，这反映在不同的QuSiED合作伙伴的协同专业知识中。QuSiED将研究基本问题，如没有热力学对应的耗散相的形成，以及多体量子信息科学的方面，从工程耗散存在的纠缠传输到相关发射增强的计量学。独特的镊子-腔平台的实现将在欧盟争夺量子霸主地位的竞赛中建立显著的优势，多元化的QuSiED财团创造了从基础到应用方面的跨学科知识，包括远程光子介导的相互作用和工程耗散。

In recent years, there has been significant progress in implementing novel interactions inultracold atoms in order to realize exotic phases of strongly correlated matter and performquantum operations. However, there is still a frontier that largely remains unexplored,associated with achieving strong interactions of long-range character. Although it is well-knownthat in principle, photon-mediated interactions provide an enabling route, in practice, large anduncontrolled dissipation in the form of atomic spontaneous emission greatly limits what isactually achievable.Our targeted breakthrough is to overcome this barrier by constructing a new platform consistingof a many-atom Ytterbium optical tweezer array integrated with a cavity QED setup. Whilespontaneous emission typically limits the interaction fidelities of light-matter coupled systems,our setup will instead harness spontaneous emission as a correlated form of dissipation, whichcan be suppressed and even utilized for dissipation engineering, given the ability to controllablyposition atoms at sub-wavelength distances. The anticipated increases in interaction fidelities(to the ~99% level), and versatility to design long-range interactions and dissipation, will makesuch a platform a leading candidate for future applications in quantum simulation andmetrology via the ability to produce, investigate, and utilize novel exotic dissipative phases ofmatter. Such advances over current capabilities will come from combining novel experimentaldevelopments, a new conceptual paradigm of light-matter interactions, and new theoreticalapproaches, as reflected in the synergetic expertise of the diverse QuSiED partners.QuSiED will investigate fundamental problems like the formation of dissipative phases withoutthermodynamic counterpart, as well as aspects of many-body quantum information science,ranging from entanglement transport in the presence of engineered dissipation to metrologyenhanced by correlated emission. The realization of the unique tweezer-cavity platform willestablish a significant advantage in the EU's race for quantum supremacy, with the diverseQuSiED consortium creating interdisciplinary knowledge ranging from fundamental to appliedaspects of long-range photon-mediated interactions and engineered dissipation.