Access to cultural goods in digital change: art historical, curatorial, and ethical aspects

获得文化产品是行使文化参与权的基本先决条件(《世界人权宣言》第27条)。与此相关的文化产品包括所有用于传达信息或阐明并进一步发展一种文化对世界和自身的理解的物品：艺术品、档案、收藏品和博物馆的藏品、科学研究成果的出版物等。数字转型从根本上改变了获得文化产品的可能性和条件，并将继续带来这种产品的生产、复制和接收以及与它们的互动的新形式和做法：在数字化过程中，一方面，动态和潜在的民主形式获得文化产品，博物馆、收藏品、档案馆，而且，非物质商品正在涌现，这些商品专门存在于网络空间，或者可以通过数字技术以新的方式获得。与此同时，新形式的访问限制正在侵犯个人和特定群体的使用可能性和使用权利。此外，数字化将文化产品的生产和接收与可被描述为二级获取条件的技术前提条件联系在一起。该研究小组的目的是分析数字化主要-但不完全是-在艺术方面导致的文化产品获取方面的变化。它从(1)艺术科学、(2)策展和(3)伦理的角度审视了不断发展的机会以及由此产生的问题和冲突。因此，研究小组将(1)通过分析获取数字技术对艺术生产和接受的意义，研究数字转型为获取当代艺术和更古老的艺术打开的机会和发展可能性，并思考与美术作品有关的具体艺术问题，而不是那些已经被广泛讨论的暂时和短暂的艺术形式，从而极大地拓宽艺术研究的现状。它还旨在(2)探讨数字化转型带来的获取方式的变化以及对某些艺术作品和其他藏品获取的新限制对策展实践产生的后果。(3)最后，同样重要的是，它将有助于从伦理的角度对影响获取艺术品和其他文化产品的冲突进行的著作权政策辩论和法律研究：研究小组将详细阐述和论证某些伦理原则，这些原则可能成为法律政策的依据，以及对现有管理获取文化产品的法律法规的伦理评估。

Access to cultural goods is an essential prerequisite for exercising the human right to cultural participation (Art. 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). Cultural goods relevant in this context include all artifacts that serve to convey information or to articulate and further develop a culture’s understanding of the world and itself: works of art, holdings of archives, collections and museums, publications of the results of scientific research, and the like.The digital transformation has fundamentally changed the possibilities and conditions of access to cultural goods, and will continue to bring about new forms and practices of production, reproduction, and reception of such goods, as well as interaction with them: In the course of digitization, on the one hand, dynamic and potentially democratic forms of access to cultural goods, to museums, collections, archives, but also to immaterial goods are emerging that exist exclusively in cyberspace or can be accessed in new ways by means of digital technologies. At the same time, new forms of access restriction are encroaching on the usage possibilities and usage rights of individuals and specific groups. Furthermore, digitality ties the production and reception of cultural goods to technological preconditions that can be characterized as second-order access conditions.The research group aims to analyze the changes in access to cultural goods caused by digitalization primarily – but not exclusively – with regard to art. It takes a look at the evolving opportunities as well as problems and conflicts that arise with them, from (1) an art-scientific, (2) a curatorial and (3) an ethical perspective. The research group will thus (1) significantly broaden the state of art research by analyzing the significance of access to digital technologies for art production and reception, by examining the opportunities and development possibilities that the digital transformation opens up for access to contemporary, but also to older art, and by reflecting on art-specific problems of accessibility concerning works of fine art other than those temporal and ephemeral art forms that have already been discussed quite extensively. It also aims to (2) explore the consequences for curatorial practice that arise with the changing ways of access and with the new restriction on access to certain art works and other collection goods brought about by the digital transformation. (3) Last, not least, it shall contribute to debates on copyright policy and legal studies with an ethical perspective on conflicts affecting access to art works and other cultural goods: the research group is going to elaborate and justify certain ethical principles that might inform legal policies and the ethical evaluation of existing legal regulations governing access to cultural goods.