Development of a failure identification concept by using continuously improved product use cases

如果对技术产品在使用阶段与其环境之间的相互作用可能产生的故障考虑不足，可能会产生严重后果。众所周知的特斯拉车祸就清楚地说明了这一点，在这起车祸中，汽车的“自动驾驶”系统无法区分明亮天空的背景和卡车的白色侧面，导致司机在猛烈撞击后死亡。这清楚地表明，产品与环境相互作用导致的故障不仅影响技术产品的质量和可靠性，而且在最坏的情况下还可能导致伤害甚至死亡。为了预防性地避免失效，在产品开发中应用了各种失效分析方法（例如FMEA、FTA或石川），但这些方法都没有充分和系统地考虑产品与其环境在使用阶段的相互作用。即使是面向使用阶段的情景技术，也侧重于战略产品规划或需求确定，而不是识别产品及其环境之间的潜在故障。因此，有必要通过不断改进的产品使用场景（FailureID-Pro）开发故障识别概念，从而在场景和模型的基础上早期（在产品开发中）识别可能由产品-环境相互作用引起的潜在故障。FehlerID-Pro的开发将基于DFG研究项目“KAUSAL”和“FusLA”的发现和结果。对国家和国际研究项目的分析，包括2004年至2020年的出版物和项目，表明这样一个概念是科学和工业的迫切需要。为了系统地、连续地实施该项目，计划了几个工作包。首先，将潜在场景与来自投诉的真实的数据进行比较，以确定相似性和差异性，并优化用于故障识别的场景。在第二步中，将创建一个工具，以识别产品系统与环境之间相互作用的潜在失效，同时考虑使用阶段的发现（投诉）。随后，将开发和确认FailureID-Pro，重点关注使用阶段产品和环境相互关系中的潜在失效。FehlerID-Pro应有助于预防性地避免故障，从而在提高技术产品质量的同时确保用户的安全。

An inadequate consideration of failures that can occur from the interaction between a technical product and its environment in the use phase can have critical consequences. This was made clear by the well-known Tesla car accident, in which the car's "autopilot" system was unable to distinguish between the background of the bright sky and the white side of the truck, which led to the death of the driver after the violent impact. This clearly shows that failures resulting from the product-environment interaction not only affect the quality and reliability of technical products, but in the worst case can also lead to injuries or even death. In order to avoid failures preventively, various methods of failure analysis are applied in product development (e.g. FMEA, FTA or Ishikawa), but none of these methods take the interaction between the product and its environment in the use phase sufficiently and systematically into account. Even the scenario technique, which is oriented towards the use phase, focuses on strategic product planning or requirements determination and not on the identification of potential failures between the product and its environment. Therefore it is necessary to develop an FailureIdentification Concept by means of continuously improved product use scenarios (FailureID-Pro), whereby potential failures, which can result from the product-environment interaction, are to be identified early (in product development) on the basis of scenarios and models. The development of the FehlerID-Pro is to be based on findings andresults from the DFG research projects "KAUSAL" and "FusLA". An analysis of national and international research projects, including publications and projects from 2004 to 2020, shows that such a concept is a desideratum in science and industry. In order toimplement the project systematically and successively, several work packages are planned. First, potential scenarios will be compared with real data from complaints in order to determine similarities and differences and to optimize the scenarios used for failure identification. In the second step, a tool will be created to identify potential failures in the interaction between product systems and the environment, taking into account the findings from the use phase (complaints). Subsequently, the FailureID-Pro is to be developed and validated with a focus on potential failures in the interrelationship of product and environment in the use phase. FehlerID-Pro should helpto avoid failures preventively, so that besides the quality improvement of technical products the safety of their users can be guaranteed.