Home Production and Structural Transformation

当经济发展和变得更加富裕时，它们通常会经历就业、附加值和支出等经济资源的大规模部门重新配置。事实证明，这些重新分配导致了农业部门相对规模的长期下降、制造业的驼峰形演变和服务业的逐步扩张。这一部门重新分配的过程通常被称为结构转型。最近越来越多的文献致力于研究结构转型的原因及其对个人和总体经济成果的影响。然而，这些文献一般是从个人在家里为自己使用而生产的消费中抽象出来的。这种所谓的家庭生产已被证明构成了一种相当大的经济活动，它对结构转型可能很重要的原因是，国内生产的服务通常可以与市场生产的服务密切替代。此外，有人认为，过去几十年来，家务劳动的机会成本不断上升，促使工业化国家的家庭逐渐用市场生产的服务取代其国内生产的服务，这是一个称为市场化的过程。该项目的主要目标是对结构转型的驱动力进行实证和定量调查，并评估国内生产和市场化在部门分配过程中的作用。分析的一个具体目标是显示模拟家庭内部决策对于了解关于结构转型和国内和市场部门之间的生产分配的数据的重要性。另一个目标是探索结构转型对家庭一级结果的反馈效应，例如家庭形成、生育和家庭成员之间的家务分配。

When economies develop and grow richer, they typically undergo large scale sectoral reallocations of economic resources such as employment, value added, and expenditures. These reallocations have been shown to lead to a secular decline in the relative size of the agriculture sector, a hump-shaped evolution of manufacturing and a gradual expansion of the service sector. This process of sectoral reallocation is commonly referred to as structural transformation. A recent and growing literature has devoted significant efforts to investigating the causes of structural transformation and its consequences for economic outcomes at the individual and the aggregate level. However, this literature generally abstracts from the consumption produced by individuals at home for own use. This so-called home production has been shown to constitute a sizable economic activity and the reason why it may matter for structural transformation is because the services produced at home generally are closely substitutable with market-produced services. Moreover, it has been argued that that rising opportunity costs of home work during the last decades have induced households in industrialized countries to gradually replace their home-produced services by market-produced services, which is a process called marketization. The main objective of this project is to investigate empirically and quantitatively the driving forces of structural transformation and to assess the role of home production and marketization for the process of sectoral allocations. A specific goal of the analysis is to show the importance of modelling intra-household decision making for understanding the data on structural transformation and the allocation of production between home and market sectors. Another goal is to explore the feedback effect of structural transformation on household-level outcomes such as family formation, child bearing and the allocation of home work among household members.