Normativity and Transformation in Immanuel Kant’s Legal Philosophy

本课题着眼于康德法哲学的规范性和转化性：通过一系列类比，将康德法哲学中的权利原则与其历史哲学中呈现的动态发展对峙。它的目的是理解康德如何将法律规范性设想为改变国家和制度。为了帮助这一分析，该项目将考察康德关于国家作为有机体的核心政治类比、作为契约的民事条件的建立以及作为自然状态的国家之间的关系。尽管康德主要将理性理解为非历史的，但他的历史著作表明，他对整个历史上人类倾向的目的论发展有着复杂的描述。这一解读挑战了普遍的观点，即康德提出了法律规范性的静态理想。尽管康德的法哲学和他的历史著作产生于同一时期，但学者们很少将这些文本放在一起分析，这样做可以让我们理解康德的法律规范性是一种变革的力量。本项目将：(1)通过结合康德的历史和人类学著作，全面解读变革在康德法哲学实现中的作用，展示康德如何看待自然的作用和现有的制度安排在规范原则的实现中的作用。为了支持这一分析，该项目将(2)通过系统分析康德对国家的类比来追求这一观点，(3)调查性别对于康德对主动和被动公民身份的动态理解的重要性，以及(4)批判性地调查康德对永久和平和国际关系的描述与他对人类及其不同倾向的描述之间的关系。

This project focuses on normativity and transformation in Kant’s legal philosophy: It will confront the principles of right in Kant’s Doctrine of Right with the dynamic development presented in his philosophy of history through a series of analogies. It aims is to understand how Kant conceives legal normativity as transforming states and institutions. To assist this analysis, the project will survey Kant’s central political analogies of the state as an organism, the establishment of a civil condition as a contract and the relationship among states as a state of nature. Although Kant primarily understands reason as ahistorical, his writings on history reveal that he had a sophisticated account of the teleological development of human predispositions throughout history. This reading challenges the common view that Kant’s presents a static ideal of legal normativity. Even though Kant’s legal philosophy and his writings on history stem from the same period, scholars have rarely analyzed these texts together; doing so allows us to understand Kantian legal normativity as a transformative force.This project will: (1) comprehensively interpret the role of transformation in the realization of Kant’s legal philosophy by incorporating Kant’s writings on history and anthropology to demonstrate the ways in which Kant considers the role of Nature and existing institutional arrangements in the realization of normative principles. To support this analysis, the project will (2) pursue this account through a systematic analysis of Kant’s analogies of the state, (3) investigate the importance of gender for Kant's dynamic understanding of active and passive citizenship and (4) critically survey the way in which Kant's account of perpetual peace and international relations relates to his account of human races and their different predispositions.