Energy landscapes of less than two degrees global warming - modelling regional strategies for the expansion of renewable energies with special consideration of national and international climate protection goals

巴黎联合国气候大会的一个核心目标是将全球变暖与工业化前水平相比保持在2°C以下。可再生能源的发展将在这方面发挥重要作用。然而，鉴于土地资源有限，尚不清楚加快部署这些部队如何能够取得成功，也不清楚这将产生何种社会后果。显然，无数的可再生能源工厂已经将景观机械化到了如此程度，以至于任何进一步的扩张都将面临非常低的接受度。社会对气候友好型生活方式的渴望与拒绝所需技术的现实之间存在差距的原因有很强的地理联系。因此，必须探索那些能够将全球变暖限制在2度以下的能源景观的空间维度和社会影响。这一主题将通过人文地理和自然地理的跨学科研究方法来解决。我们的调查基于以下核心研究问题：气候保护战略在多大程度上改变了我们周围的景观？在这方面有哪些空间选择？在这一过程中，能源景观的社会和生态质量是可以预期的？为了回答这些问题，我们想（1）。模拟潜在的碳中和能源景观，并将其可视化。在这样做时，（2.），将建立一个与整个德国有关的、与能源有关的和经过多变量偏差校正的气候假设情景集合，其中将记录主要气象和气候变量的当前空间分布和长期变异性。基于此，我们想（3）。分析如果在空间分析中对可再生能源的限制不同，会出现哪些空间模式。其目的是（4）。在选定的空间案例研究中查明社会和生态冲突，并思考适应战略。研究结果也将通过（5）进行评价。为可用于开发碳中和能源景观的地理信息系统工具奠定概念基础。

A central goal resulting from the UN Climate Conference in Paris is to keep global warming below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels. The expansion of renewable energies is to play a major role in this. However, it is unclear how their accelerated deployment can succeed in view of limited land resources and what social consequences it will entail. Evidently, the countless renewable energy plants have already mechanised the landscapes to such an extent that any further expansion will face very low acceptance. The reasons for the gap between society's desire for a climate-friendly way of life and the reality of a rejection of the required technologies have a strong geographical connection. Therefore, the spatial dimensions and societal implications of those energy landscapes that can limit global warming to less than two degrees must be explored. This subject will be addressed by means of an interdisciplinary research approach by human and physical geography. Our investigations are based on the following central research questions: To which extent do climate protection strategies change the landscapes that surround us? What spatial options are available in this context? Which social and ecological qualities of energy landscapes can be expected in the process? In order to answer these questions, we want to (1.) model potential carbon-neutral energy landscapes and visualise them cartographically. In doing so, (2.), an ensemble of energy-related and multi-variate bias corrected climate scenarios related to the whole of Germany will be created, which will record the central meteorological and climatic variables in their current spatial distribution and long-term variability. Based on this, we want to (3.) analyse which spatial patterns arise if the restrictions for renewable energies are varied in the spatial analyses. The consequent aim is to (4.) identify social and ecological conflicts in selected spatial case studies and to reflect on adaptation strategies. The findings will also be valorised by (5.) developing the conceptual basis for a GIS tool that can be used to develop carbon-neutral energy landscapes.