Life-time-relevant interaction of materials and printing process parameters

P2项目要解决的两个主要任务是：（I）通过印刷工艺制造太阳能电池;（II）研究层形成过程中涉及的机制，特别强调耐久性方面。印刷采用凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、丝网印刷和喷墨印刷的标准工艺进行。在反复的测试过程中，首先生产和评估层形成方面的校样，然后由合作伙伴项目进行表征和进一步分析。在第二阶段中，有前途的系统在卷对卷印刷（R2R）中生产并相应地表征。PEN/PET膜用作基底，对于活性层，材料PM6、PTB 7-Th、PffBT 4T-2OD以及ITIC、Y6、Y7以及嵌段共聚低聚物最初处于前景。电极以及电荷转移层将用合适的标准材料设计。与常规的多层印刷平行，正在开发一种新的方法，其中将层印刷在两个膜片上，然后在活性层中层压在一起。这种方法保证了在层压过程中具体影响活性层形态的可能性。计划进行宏观检查（包括原位检查），以研究印刷过程中的层形成和印刷结果。对印刷太阳能电池的形态和功能的进一步分析将由合作伙伴项目进行，并在印刷工艺开发期间的密切迭代过程中加以考虑。除了油墨转移和干燥过程中的流体力学外，还要特别注意油墨配方。该项目还与嵌段共聚低聚物的开发密切相关。各种印刷工艺中的油墨配方和样品制备还特别用于阐明导致寿命缩短和太阳能电池退化的内在机制。

The two main tasks to be solved in the P2 project are (I) the fabrication of solar cells by means printing processes and (II) the investigation of the mechanisms involved in the formation of layers, with particular emphasis on durability aspects. Printing is carried out using the standard processes of gravure printing, flexographic printing, screen printing and inkjet printing. In an iterative test procedure, proof prints are first produced and evaluated with regard to layer formation, and then characterized and further analyzed in particular by the partner projects. In a second stage, promising systems are produced in roll-to-roll printing (R2R) and characterized accordingly. PEN/PET films are used as substrate, for the active layer the materials PM6, PTB7-Th, PffBT4T-2OD as well as ITIC, Y6, Y7, but also block co-oligomers are initially in the foreground. The electrodes as well as the charge transfer layers will be designed with adapted standard materials. In parallel to the regular multilayer printing, a new approach is being developed in which the layers are printed on two film sheets and then laminated together in the active layer. This approach promises the possibility to specifically influence the morphology of the active layer in the lamination process. Macroscopic examination, including in situ, is planned to study the layer formation in the printing process and the printing results. Further analyses of the morphology and function of the printed solar cells will be carried out by the partner projects and taken into account in a close iterative process during the development of the printing processes. In addition to the fluid mechanics during ink transfer and the drying process, special attention will be given to the ink formulation. The project is also closely linked to the development of the block co-oligomers. The ink formulation and the sample preparation in the various printing processes also serve in particular to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms that lead to a reduction in the lifespan and to a degradation of the solar cells.