Surviving Sites? Landed Property of Jewish Communities between Robbery and Restitution (1930–1960)

与犹太人个人和公司一样，德国的犹太社区在国家社会主义的统治下被剥夺了财产，不得不在第二次世界大战后为归还财产而战。这些财产大多是房地产，在几个方面对社区的生存具有重要意义：作为一种经济资源，作为社区工作的功能场所，作为象征性的宗教参考和代表场所。这些在纳粹灭绝犹太人生活中幸存下来的财产提供了一个难得的机会，可以在1945年的凯苏拉之后继续建设生命。这一财产是如何被没收和归还的，以及这些幸存遗址对重建德国犹太人的生活有何意义等问题，将在该项目中首次以汉堡犹太社区为例进行具体审查。其中一个重点将是汉堡社区在1945年后处理这些地方时，如何成功地在论证上和实际上与战前社区的传统相联系，并稳定它们的临时存在。大约在1930年，汉堡社区的房地产由近100件物品组成，其中17件将在该项目中进行审查。这一选择包括七个犹太教堂物业，并辅之以代表社区活动多样性的物业，这些物业在被征用之前使用。通过将财产历史视角与分析工具和材料研究问题以及建筑、文化和空间历史交织在一起，选定的对象将同时作为财产、建筑、遗址和符号进行审查。通过长时间的观察重建这些遗址的发展，可以突出1933和1945年的政治分歧的连续性和断裂性。资料来源包括与实物有关的材料，如与财产、地址簿和房屋登记索引有关的土地登记和建筑检查档案，以及与行为者有关的记录，特别是汉堡州立档案馆中犹太社区和市政财政当局的文件。犹太信托公司的持股将首次接受评估。英国占领区的继承组织对德国犹太人生活的新开始至关重要，并成为新社区关于其以前财产的核心竞争对手。为了分析当代对调查地点的感知和交流，我们将考察报纸报道和对汉堡的前汉堡犹太人的采访，这些报道和采访保存在汉堡的Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte的口头历史档案馆Werkstatt der Erinnerung。

Like Jewish individuals and companies, Germany's Jewish communities were robbed of their property under National Socialism and had to fight for its restitution after World War II. Most of this property was real estate, which was of existential importance to the communities in several respects: as an economic resource, as functional sites for community work, and as symbolic and religious places of reference and representation. The properties that outlasted the Nazi annihilation of Jewish life offered a rare opportunity to construct a continuation of life beyond the caesura of 1945. The questions of how the expropriation and restitution of this property took place and what significance these surviving sites had for the reconstruction of Jewish life in Germany will be specifically examined for the first time in the project using the example of the Jewish community in Hamburg. One focus will be on the question of how the Hamburg community, in dealing with these places after 1945, succeeded in connecting argumentatively and practically to the tradition of the pre-war communities and in stabilizing their provisional existence. Around 1930, the Hamburg community's real estate consisted of nearly 100 objects, of which a selection of 17 will be examined in the project. This selection includes seven synagogue properties and is supplemented by properties that represent the diversity of the community's activities through their use prior to expropriation. By interweaving a property-historical perspective with analytical tools and questions of Material Studies as well as architectural, cultural, and spatial history, the selected objects will be examined simultaneously as properties, buildings, sites, and symbols. By reconstructing the development of these sites over a long period of observation, it is possible to highlight continuities and ruptures across the political divides of 1933 and 1945. The sources consist of object-related material such as the land register and building inspection files relating to the properties, address books and house registration indexes, as well as actor-related records, in particular the documentation of the Jewish communities and the municipal financial authorities in the Hamburg State Archives. For the first time, the holdings of the Jewish Trust Corporation will be evaluated. The successor organization in the British occupation zone was critical to a new beginning of Jewish life in Germany and became the central competitor for the new communities regarding their former property. For the analysis of the contemporary perception and communication about the investigated places, newspaper reports and interviews with former Hamburg Jews in the oral history archive Werkstatt der Erinnerung of the Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg will be examined.