Serial handaxe production in Charbonnières? A technological investigation of the regular recurrence of the handaxe in the context of the late Middle Palaeolithic and its implication for the socio-economic behaviour of the Neanderthal on the example of the

在旧石器时代中期晚期，人工制品类型的手斧重新进入了旧石器时代狩猎采集者的工具谱。这方面的典型例子是MTA和MTA型胡子和MTA型胡子。在这里展示的项目中，研究了专业工作场所的现象。它的重点是位于m<e:1>（勃艮第）以北10公里的charbonni<e:1>遗址。该遗址由十多个独立的发现区组成。100多年来，业余考古学家一直关注着沙博尼<e:1>，他们已经发现了旧石器时代的人工制品。特别值得注意的是大量的手斧。直到2021年，几乎只对表面发现进行了调查。2021年夏天，在David Boysen和Harald Floss的指导下，<s:1>宾根大学进行了第一次挖掘。探测的目的是深入了解该遗址的地质和地层情况，并寻找分层和可确定日期的人工制品。在场地范围内，选择了位于已知的手斧集中地“Atelier”北部的地点，因为该地点迄今为止没有经历过任何入侵性的农业使用。挖掘了2平方米的面积。应该强调在分层环境中发现的手斧和前旧石器时代表面的良好保存。它完全由原材料结核、岩心、生产碎屑、毛坯和工具组成。总共有3000多件石器被记录在案。这些物品的保存状况非常好。它们边缘锋利，没有移位的痕迹。总而言之，这是一个旧石器时代的工作地点，它的表面被缓慢积累的风成沉积物保存得很好。在本项目中，将对charbonni<e:1>遗址进行调查。一方面，研究的重点是该遗址在旧石器时代中期晚期在该地区所扮演的角色：charbonni<e:1>可以被视为一个专门生产手斧的地方吗？为此目的，将把来自沙博尼<s:1>的材料与来自其他库存的人工制品进行比较。在此框架内，将考虑手斧的技术类型学特征。通过计划于2022年夏季进行的旧石器时代地平线的进一步挖掘，将分析这个中期旧石器时代晚期工作地点的性质和组织：中期旧石器时代晚期的人们是如何组织他们的工作地点的？能不能说明一下手斧生产的大概数量？是否有可能得出关于讲习班寿命的结论？手轴的可变性是什么？在沙博尼昂区生产的手斧分布有多广？

In the late Middle Palaeolithic, the artefact type handaxe re-entered the tool spectrum of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. The Moustérien de Tradition Acheuléenne (MTA) and the Moustérien à petit biface are particularly well known examples for this.In the project presented here, the phenomenon of specialised workplaces is investigated. It focuses on the Charbonnières site, located ten kilometres north of Mâcon (Burgundy). The site is composed of more than ten individual find zones. Charbonnières has been the focus of amateur archaeologists for more than 100 years, who have recovered artefacts of the palaeolithic period. Particularly noteworthy is the enormous quantity of handaxes.Until 2021, almost exclusively surface finds had been investigated. In the summer of 2021, a first excavation was carried out by the University of Tübingen under the direction of David Boysen and Harald Floss. The aims of the sondage were to gain insight into the geological and stratigraphical situation of the site and to search for stratified and datable artefacts. Within the scope of the sondage, a location to the north of the known handaxe concentration "Atelier" was selected, because this site had not experienced any invasive agricultural use to date. An area of 2 square metres was excavated. The discovery of a handaxe in stratified context and the excellent preservation of the former Palaeolithic surface should be emphasised. It consists exclusively of raw material nodules, cores, production debris, blanks and tools. In total, more than 3000 lithic objects could be documented. The state of preservation of the objects is remarkable. They are sharp-edged and there are no traces of displacement. In summary, this is a Palaeolithic work site whose surface has been excellently preserved by slowly accumulating aeolian sediments. In the present project, the Charbonnières site will be investigated. On the one hand, the focus is on the question of the role of the site in the region in the Late Middle Palaeolithic: Can Charbonnières be regarded as a place of specialised handaxe production? For this purpose, the material from Charbonnières will be compared with artefacts from other inventories. Within this framework, the technotypological characteristics of the handaxes will be considered. By further excavation of the Palaeolithic horizon planned for summer 2022, the nature and organisation of this Late Middle Palaeolithic work site will be analysed: how did people in the Late Middle Palaeolithic organise their work sites? Can a statement be made about the approximate quantity of handaxes produced? Is it possible to draw conclusions about the lifespan of the workshop? What is the variability of the handaxes? How widespread is the distribution of handaxes produced in Charbonnières?