Stop codon readthrough lessons from the tRNA anti-codon stem.

如果你把一个基因想象成一个以大写字母开头、以句点结尾的句子，把一个基因组想象成一本讲述整个故事的书，最近的研究表明，存在特定的有机体，在它们的句子中渗透着额外的句号。结果，读者(在这种情况下是核糖体)困惑于这些句子到底在哪里结束，故事变得脱节。我们已经发现了一种分子机制，这些生物发展起来，允许读者/核糖体读完他们的句子，就像没有额外的句号一样。这些句子是如此明确地加密，以至于除了极少数生物之外，没有其他生物的读者/核糖体能够以适当的方式破译故事。诀窍在于通读诱导tRNA和突变释放因子的反密码子茎的性质和长度。我们也看到这些技巧被用在所有生物体的程序化终止密码子阅读中。在这里，在三方合作中，我们将对这些关键参与者进行深入分析，并试图通过终止密码子解决80s核糖体阅读的结构。

If you imagine a gene as a sentence starting with a capital letter and ending with a period, and a genome as a book telling an entire story, it has recently been shown that specific organisms exist where extra periods infiltrated their sentences. As a result, readers (in this case ribosomes) are confused as to where these sentences really end and the story becomes disjointed. We have discovered a molecular mechanism that these organisms developed to allow the reader/ribosomes to go through their sentences as if there were no extra periods. The sentences are so specifically encrypted that readers/ribosomes of no other organisms but those very few can decipher the story in a proper way. The trick is in the nature and length of the anti-codon stem of readthrough-inducing tRNAs and mutant release factors. We have also seen these tricks to be employed in programmed stop codon readthrough in all organisms. Here, in the three-party collaboration, we will subject these critical players to an in-depth analysis and attempt to solve the structure of an 80S ribosome reading through a stop codon.