Excavation on the Ancient Cities in the Chang-jiang Basin

近十年来，长江中游地区大型城址的发现，为研究复杂社会的发展提供了动力。我们重点讨论了B世纪第三个千年期间有围墙的遗址。C.摘要在探讨中华文明起源的过程中，湖北荆州博物馆与京都大学人文研究所联合考古队发掘了中型城址之一的殷相城遗址，同时对其他城址进行了考古调查，并对长江中游7处大型城址进行了调查。这些城墙遗址似乎是屈家岭文化时期建造的。有围墙的围墙在大小上有着有趣的变化。石家河遗址是最大的围合遗址群，目前已知有40多个聚落在围合区内或外。除了一些房屋、储藏坑和墓葬外，该遗址的主要发现是一个仪式结构。其中以大汶口文化中最具代表性的刻纹大口尊烧杯为最具意义。毫无疑问，屈家岭-石家河文化与大汶口文化有着直接的接触，石家河遗址是区域聚落等级制度中的礼仪中心和远距离交流的中心。

The discovery of large walled sites from the middle Changiiang River valley during the last ten years has provided impetus for examining the development of complex societies. We have focused on the walled sites during the third millennium B. C. in the discussions about the origins of Chinese civilization, for that purpose we, Joint Archaeology Team of Jingzhou Museum, Hubei and Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, have excavated Yinxiangcheng site, one of the medium-sized walled sites, and simultaneously undertook archaeological surveys for the other walled sites.We have investigated seven large sites with walls in the middle Changjiang River valley. It appears that these walled sites were constructed during the Qujialing Culture. There is intriguing variation in size of walled enclosures. The site of Shijiahe is the largest walled site complex, now more than 40 settlements are known within/without the enclosed area. Except for some houses, storage pits, and burials, the major find at the site is a ritual structure. Among the ritual objects the big-mouth zun beaker with incised signs, which were typical of the Dawenkou Culture, is of the utmost significance. There can be no question that the Qujialing-Shijiahe Culture and the Dawenkou Culture had touched each other directly, and that Shijiahe site served as the ceremonial center and the central place for long distance exchanges within regional settlement hierarchies.