A Comparative Study on the Nurses' Role between Japan and the United States for the Improvement of the Clients' Quality of Life

由于之前的研究中有一些来自美国的数据，所以研究方法略有变化。问卷的开发取代了访谈，这样我们可以继续分析数据，客户回答的问题比之前少，没有疲劳，问卷的日语和美国英语之间的翻译进行了检查，研究机构在日本范围内广泛选择。因此，问卷由原来的96道题改为45道题。Kolcaba确定了三个舒适级别，(A)减少不适，(B)使人放松，(C)帮助人加强自己的健康状况，每个级别的问题数量分别为12、21和12个问题。研究时间和时间：1999年4 - 6月在日本，1999年9月在美国。结果：研究对象为1031名日本人和65名美国人。结果如下：1。重要性得分最高的都是A级，减少了不适，另一方面，得分最低的是“告诉你死亡的可能性”日本和美国都是如此。这个结果与第一份报告不同，因为在美国有不同的背景。与日本人不同的是，美国人认为C级比A级更重要，因为C级能帮助一个人加强自己的健康状况。这可以解释为美国人在美国的住院时间较短，因此需要教育内容。在日本，C水平的平均值是0.05，所以这对日本人来说也是很重要的，日本护士将来也会考虑到这一点。因此，护士必须认识到来访者的需求，特别是来访者在复杂社会中的健康问题，从而提高来访者的生活质量水平。

The research method was slightly changed because there was a few data from the United States in the previous study. The questionnaire was developed instead of interviewing, so that we could continue to analyze the data, the clients had no fatigues answering the less number of questions than the previous one, translation of the questionnaire between Japanese and American English was checked, and research institutions were widely selected within Japan. As the result, the questionnaire has 45 questions, instead of previous 96 ones. Kolcaba identified three levels of comfort, (A) reduction, of discomfort, (B) placing the person at ease, (C) assisting the person to strengthen his or her own health status, and the number of questions at each level were 12, 21, and 12 questions.Time and length of the research : From April to June, 1999 in Japan, and September, 1999 in the United States.Results : Subjects were 1031 Japanese and 65 American people. Results were as followings ;1. The high score of the degree of importance was all in the A level, reduction of discomfort, on the other hand, the low score of one was "talked to you about the possibility of dying" both Japan and the United States. This result was different from first report because there were different background within the United States.2. Different from Japanese, the American people felt that C level, assisting the person to strengthen his or her own health status, was more important degree than the A level. This could be explained that American people would need educational contents because of short hospital stay in the United States. The average of the C level was 0.05 in Japan, so that this was also important for the Japanese people, and Japanese nurses would consider this in the future.As the results, the nurses have to recognize the clients' needs, especially the clients health problem in complex society, and to increase the level of quality of life for the clients.