Assessment of Deterioration, Residual Strength and Seismic Performance for Historical Stone Masonry Structures

日本的古老石拱桥和欧洲国家的石拱桥一样，都是历史地标，也是土木工程遗产的绝佳纪念品。然而，情况有很大的不同，在一些欧洲国家，圬工拱桥在公路网中占有重要地位，而在日本，圬工拱桥却根本不存在。英国约有4万座砖砌或石砌拱桥，约占桥梁总数的40%;法国约有59 000座跨度不少于5米的桥梁，其中60%是石砌桥梁。日本约有12.2万座长度超过15米的公路桥，但只有0.3%（369座）是石砌拱桥。与欧洲相比，日本的石拱桥历史也很新;日本的第一座石拱桥是在世纪中期由一位中国僧侣建造的，而罗马人在公元前200年至公元260年之间在台伯河上建造的八座石桥中有六座仍然存在。 ...更多信息 1849年，日本鹿儿岛市建造了一系列五座多跨石砌拱桥，直到最近，它们还承担着道路交通。每座桥有四到五个圆形拱门，总长45到70米。1993年8月，其中两座有150年历史的桥梁因暴雨洪水冲刷桥墩而被冲走。为了实施河流保护工程，并避免文化遗产未来可能的损失，当局决定将三座幸存的桥梁迁移到安全的地点。在搬迁之前，进行了全面的材料测试，以确定原始石头的状况和质量。原始地基的大小、深度、类型和状况也得到了确认。考虑各砌体单元的不连续性，对多跨石拱桥的非线性静力性能进行了预测。采用二维有限元法对大震作用下的土-结构相互作用进行了分析。少

Old stone arch bridges in Japan are ,as well as those in European countries, historical landmarks and excellent reminders of the civil engineering heritage. Big difference of situations, however, that masonry arch bridges from an important part on the highway network in some European countries, whereas they don't at all in Japan. There are about 40000 brick or stone masonry arch bridges in the United Kingdom, representing about 40% of the bridge stock ; of about 59000 bridges in France with a span of 5 m at least, 60% are masonry bridges. Japan has approximately 122 thousand highway bridges presenting a length exceeding 15m, however only 0.3% (369 in number) are stone masonry arch bridges. The history of stone arch bridge in Japan is also very new compared with that in Europe ; the first stone arch bridge in Japan was built in the mid-17th century by a Chinese monk, while six of the eight stone bridges the Roman built over the Tiber between 200 B.C and A.D. 260 still stand.Between 1845 … More and 1849 a series of five multi-span stone-masonry arch bridges was built in Kagoshima City, Japan, and they carried roadway traffic till quite recently. Each bridge had four or five circular arches giving a total length of 45 to 70m. In August,1993, two of these 150-year-old bridges were swept away due to scour around the piers during a storm flood. In order to execute the river conservation works and to avoid the possible future loss of the cultural built heritage, the authorities decided to relocate the three surviving bridges to a safe site. Prior to the relocation, comprehensive material tests were performed to establish the condition and quality of the original stones. The size, depth, type and condition of the original foundations were also confirmed. The nonlinear static behavior of multi-span stone arch bridges was predicted considering the discontinuity of each masonry element. The soil-structure interaction under a severe earthquake was also assessed by 2-D finite element method. Less