Evolution of behavion in leafmiras in ndation to chemical dalence of plants and attack b./ parasi taids

蒙氏隐翅虫Stenomocera montivan a Ito，1984年的采叶行为具有其独特的特点，即先穿过叶片，然后在中脉交叉雷所包围的区域埋设地雷。我分析了该物种的采掘模式，并讨论了这种独特的采叶行为的适应意义。卵就在叶尖附近产卵，孵化出的幼虫沿着叶缘呈线性分布。在叶缘的中途，幼虫突然转向并开始穿过叶片，当它到达叶片的相反边缘时，它翻到了顶端，并再次跟随边缘。被包围的远端区域被涂成黄色或紫色，视植物种类而定。我用高效液相色谱法测定了有色区域内各种化学物质的变化，并检测到一种化学物质在被包围的区域中特异性地增加。虽然这种物质尚未确定，但这种物质的产生被认为是由潜叶虫的中脉交叉引起的。我一直在积累日本所有潜叶虫种群的寄主记录和挖掘模式的信息。我已经记录了至少1455种日本本土植物上的潜叶虫。寄主植物涵盖所有陆生植物，即苔藓、蕨类、裸子植物和被子植物。共记录昆虫45科，其中部分昆虫为潜叶虫，鞘翅目5科，膜翅目1科，双翅目10科，鳞翅目29科。我初步列出了潜叶昆虫及其寄主植物的名单，并列出了潜叶昆虫的暂定植物名单。

A tephritid leafminer, Stenomocera montivaga Ito, 1984, is characterized by its unique leaf-mining behavior, that is, it at first crosses the leaf blade and then mines the area encircled by the midrib-crossing mine. I analyzed the mining pattern of this species, and discussed the adaptive significance of this unique leaf-mining behavior. The egg was layed just near the leaf tip, and the hatched larvae mined along the leaf margin linearly. On the halfway of the leaf margin, the larvae abraptly turned and started cross the leaf blade, and when it reached the opposite margin of the leaf, it urned to the tip and followed the margin again. The encircled distal area colored yellow or purple, depending on plant species. I measured changes of various chemicals in the colored area by HPLC, and detected a chemical which increased specifically in the encircled area. While the substance have not yet identified, the production is thought to be induced by the leafminer's midrib-crossing.I have been acumutating information of host records and mining patterns of all groups of leafminers in Japan. I have recorded at least 1455 species of leafminers on native plants in Japan. The host plants cover all groups of terrestrial plants, i.e., mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. 45 insect families were recorded as groups at least some members of which were leafminers; 5 families in Coleoptera, 1 in Hymenoptera, 10 in Diptera and 29 in Lepidoptera. I made a tentaive list of leafminers with their host plants, and a tentative plants with their leafminers.