A basic study of the phonetic realization of new rhythm units for the application of Japanese phonetic education

本研究通过分析每个词的假设构式的节奏单元的历时特征，而不是通过追求每个词的等时性来考察日语词的3 - 5时性的时间组织。这一观点源于一种假设，即日语的语音节奏是由单词中特有的节奏单元的实现所感知诱导的。在节奏范畴方面，虽然有人说日语是一种道德时间语言，但所谓的“道德假设”尚未得到证实。在这方面，我们本文的目的并不是否定“道德假设”，而只是描述东京方言的母语人士与不同母语的日本学习者在时间组织上的差异，特别是从节奏单位的排列角度。所使用的材料有3、4、5个mora单词，共62个单词，其中更多的单词出现在一个载体句“sorewa...........desu”（“It is..........”）中。这些人的母语是东京日语，6人是汉语，4人是美式英语，6人是韩语，1人是墨西哥西班牙语。他们被要求通过看图片和读纸上的字母来发音三次。在遵循本研究设定的测量标准后，测量了整个单词和单词中每个节奏单元的持续时间。然后，为每个供者计算每个单位的比率。关于节奏单位排列的特点，对东京本族人的研究结果如下：1)音系相同的节奏单位在持续时间值和比例上存在差异。2)音系上不同的节奏单位，其持续时间值和比例随其出现的音系环境的不同而有很大的变化。3)每个节奏单元的比例都有自己的变化范围。与东京人的结果相比，学习者在节奏单位的排列上表现出很大的不同。尤其是处于词末位置的节奏单元的实现，更是具有特色。他们倾向于成为节奏单元2，这意味着他们正在形成所谓的双模脚型节奏。韩国学习者对212类5莫拉词的认识与其他学习者有很大的不同。最后要提到的一点是，在读字母和看图发音方面，4组学习者在整个单词的持续时间上存在差异。对于每个节奏单元的比例，只有美国学习者在两种记录方法上表现出显著差异。少

This research paper examines the temporal organization of 3 to 5-mora of Japanese words, not by pursuing the isochrony of each word, but by analysing the durational characteristics of the rhythm units which are the posited constructs of each word. This idea originates from the hypothesis that the Japanese speech rhythm is perceptually induced by the realization of the rhythm units which are characteristically arranged in a word. In respect to rhythm category, although it has been said that Japanese is a mora-timed language, so-called 'mora hypothesis' has not yet been verified. In this respect, our purpose of this paper is not to deny the 'mora-hypothsis', but just to describe the differences in the temporal organizations of words spoken by native speakers of Tokyo dialect compared with the ones by Japanese learners of different native languages, specifically from the viewpoint of the arrangements of the rhythm units. The materials used were 3, 4, and 5-mora words, totaling 62 words, w … More hich were presentede in a carrier sentence「sorewa...........desu」('It is..........'). The informants were 3 native speakers of Tokyo Japanese, 6 of Chinese, 4 of American English, 6 of Korean and 1 Mexican Spanish speaker. They were asked to pronounce the material words three times each by looking at the pictures and by reading the letters on the paper.After following the measurement criteria posited for this research, the duration of a whole word and of each rhythm unit in a word were measured. The ratios of each unit, then, were calculated for each informant. As for the characteristics of the arrangements of rhythm units, the results obtained for the native Tokyo speakers are as follows :1)The rhythm units which are phonologically identical show differences in durational values and ratios.2)The rhythm units which are phonologically different show great variation in durational values and ratios depending on the phonological environment they appear.3)The ratios of each rhythm unit has its own range of variation.Compared with the results of the Tokyo speakers, the learners show quite different arrangements of the rhythm units. Especially the realization of rhythm unit 1s which are in the final position of words is characteristic. They tend to become rhythm unit 2 which means they are forming so-called bimoraic foot type rhythm. As for the Korean learners, the realization of 212 type of 5-mora words is quite different from the rest of the learners. The last point to be mentioned is that as for the reading the letters and the pronouncing while looking at the pictures, there were differences in the durations of whole words for 4 separate groups of learners. For the ratios of each rhythm unit, only the American learners show significant differences in both of the recording methods. Less